Demography of Sex Differences in Health and Survival

描述（由申请人提供）：男性比女性更健康，但死得更早，这是真的吗？如果是，为什么？我们计划进行人口统计分析，以解决这两个关于健康生存悖论的首要问题。 首先，这个悖论在多大程度上是正确的？有多普遍？ * 根据哪些定义和措施，以及沿着哪些维度，男性比男性更健康 女人吗？ * 男女发病率和死亡率的差异如何随年龄而变化？ * 它们在不同的地方有什么不同？ * 它们是如何随时间变化的？ * 它们在哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类之间有何不同？ 第二，在悖论成立的程度上，为什么会这样？各种社会和生物学假设将通过分析测试： 人类和非人类生命表（项目1）; 调查和登记丹麦的人类数据（项目2）; 美国（项目3）和日本、菲律宾和新加坡（项目4）的人类调查数据; 对肯尼亚野生狒狒的纵向观察（项目5）; 马达加斯加岛野生狐猴以及杜克和法国圈养狐猴的纵向数据（项目6）; 关于果蝇的实验室数据（项目7）。 结合信息丰富的动物模型和高质量的人类数据， 人口分析将使人们更深入地了解健康和生存方面的性别差异的基础以及减少这些差异的机会。 相关性：男性比女性更健康，但死得更早，这是真的吗？如果是，为什么？该计划项目支持解决这些关于人类健康生存悖论问题的研究项目。研究结果将使人们更深入地了解健康和生存方面性别差异的基础，以及社会，特别是卫生专业人员改善男性和女性健康和生存的机会。 审查个别构成部分 核心A -管理和协调; James Vaupel博士（CL） 描述（由申请人提供）：行政核心是项目之间协调的纽带，包括人员和预算管理，以及组织会议和研讨会，传播研究成果，以分享方法和理论发展以及经验发现。行政核心负责内部和外部的联络和整合。它协调该方案的研究项目之间的互动，以及该方案与其他老龄问题研究之间的互动。它负责与NIA/NIH以及与该计划相关的各大学和研究中心的行政协调。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Is it true that males are healthier than females but die younger? If so, why? We plan demographic analyses to address these two overarching questions concerning the health-survival paradox. First, to what extent is the paradox true? How general is it? * According to which definitions and measures and along which dimensions are men healthier than women? * How do male-female morbidity and mortality differences vary with age? * How do they vary over place? * How have they varied over time? * How do they vary across species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish? Second, to the extent that the paradox is true, why is this the case? Various social and biological hypotheses will be tested by analyzing: Human and nonhuman lifetables (Project 1); Survey and register data on humans in Denmark (Project 2); Survey data on humans in the United States (Project 3) and in Japan, the Philippines and Singapore (Project 4); Longitudinal observations on baboons in the wild in Kenya (Project 5); Longitudinal data on lemurs in the wild on Madagascar and in captivity at Duke and in France (Project 6); and Laboratory data on fruit flies (Project 7). The combination of informative animal models and high-quality human data and sophisticated demographic analyses will provide a deeper understanding of the basis for sex differences in health and survival and of opportunities to reduce these differences. RELEVANCE: Is it true that males are healthier than females but die younger? If so, why? This program project supports research projects that address these questions concerning the human health-survival paradox. Findings will provide a deeper understanding of the basis for sex differences in health and survival-and of the opportunities that society and particularly health professionals have to improve health and survival for males and females. REVIEW OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENETS CORE A - ADMINISTRATION AND COORDINATION; Dr James Vaupel (CL) DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Administrative Core is the nexus for coordination among the projects, including management of personnel and budgets, as well as organization of meetings and workshops and dissemination of research to share methodological and theoretical developments and empirical findings. The Administrative Core is charged with both internal and external liaison and integration. It coordinates interaction among the program's research projects and between the program and other research on aging. It is responsible for administrative coordination with the NIA/NIH and with the various universities and research centers associated with the program.