Determinants of Violence Based on Sexual Orientation

描述(由申请者提供)：这个以实验室为基础的4项研究项目的目的是 调查性格(性偏见、性别角色信仰、男性性别角色压力、精神病)、情境(酒精中毒、性别角色违规)、情感和背景变量(挑衅、男子气概威胁)如何促进反同性恋攻击。在研究1-3中，攻击性将使用泰勒攻击范式(Taylor，1967)的修改版本来测量，在该范式中，参与者以竞争性反应时间任务为幌子，对虚拟对手进行轻微的电击，并从虚拟对手那里接受轻微的电击。处置变量将使用经过验证的自我报告措施进行衡量。每项研究将招募320名成年异性恋参与者，他们将被随机分配到与异性恋或同性恋男性竞争。然而，每项研究都将检验不同的实验操作(与项目的长期目标相对应)对反同性恋攻击性的影响。研究1的参与者将观看一段视频，分别描述异性恋或男同性恋之间的性别一致或不一致的行为；研究2的参与者将体验到来自男性同盟者的男性威胁；研究3将研究急性酒精中毒对异性恋和同性恋男性和女性的反同性恋攻击的影响。每项研究都将在展示刺激视频之前和之后通过自我报告量表评估状态影响。在研究2和研究3中，将在参与者收到男性同龄人的反馈并完成竞争反应时间任务后评估状态男性从属关系。研究4将探讨性别偏见、性别角色违反和倾向变量对女性状态情感的交互影响。参与者将是120名成年异性恋女性，她们完成了性情倾向清单和状态影响测量，并观看了一段视频，分别描述了异性恋或女同性恋之间的性别一致或不一致行为。该项目将确定男性反同性恋暴力的风险因素，并提供有关女性性偏见的新数据。通过这样做，我们将提高我们对反同性恋暴力和歧视的了解，这可能会在未来促进预防和治疗干预措施的发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this 4-study, laboratory-based project is to investigate how dispositional (sexual prejudice, gender role beliefs, masculine gender role stress, psychopathy), situational (alcohol intoxication, gender role violations), affective, and contextual variables (provocation, masculinity threats) facilitate antigay aggression. In Studies 1-3, aggression will be measured using a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (Taylor, 1967) in which participants administer and receive mild electric shocks to/from a fictitious opponent under the guise of a competitive reaction time task. Dispositional variables will be measured using validated self-report measures. Each study will recruit 320 adult male heterosexual participants who will be randomly assigned to compete against a heterosexual or gay male. However, each study will examine the effects of different experimental manipulations (that correspond to the long-term goals of the project) on antigay aggression. Study 1 participants will view a video depicting gender conforming or non-conforming behavior between heterosexual or gay male dyads, respectively; Study 2 participants will experience a masculinity threat from a male confederate; Study 3 will examine the effect of acute alcohol intoxication on antigay aggression toward heterosexual and homosexual men and women. Each study will assess state affect via self-report scales before and after presentation of the stimulus videos. In Studies 2 and 3, state masculine affiliation will be assessed after participants receive feedback from a male peer and after completing the competitive reaction time task. Study 4 will explore the interactive effect of sexual prejudice, gender role violations, and dispositional variables on state affect in women. Participants will be 120 adult heterosexual women who complete dispositional inventories and measures of state affect and view a video depicting either gender conforming or non-conforming behavior between heterosexual or lesbian dyads, respectively. This project will identify risk factors for antigay violence in men as well as provide new data regarding female sexual prejudice. In doing so, we will improve our knowledge of antigay violence and discrimination which, in the future, may facilitate the development of prevention and treatment interventions.