Marriage, Families and Retirement

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目有三个主要目标。首先，它旨在确定个人和夫妇的整个退休过程，由劳动力退出和重新进入，社会保障和养老金领取以及退休人员自我定义来定义。其次，它评估了选择（残疾、工作替代、照顾和配偶控制）、工具和认知效用（反映社会、夫妻、家庭和个人对退休过渡时间的期望）对退休过渡过程的影响。第三个目标是评估个人和夫妇特定退休过渡过程的结果（退休计划实施、福利优化、退休满意度、收入变化、食品安全、抑郁症状、健康风险行为、自评健康、健康保险覆盖率和预期寿命）。这些分析将依靠对健康和退休调查（1992-2004年）的二次分析。采用的主要分析技术将包括多状态生命表、审查数据和相互依赖观测（对）的回归技术、结构方程建模和一般估计程序。该项目具有重要的健康相关成果。它将证明健康限制在多大程度上阻碍了对退休过渡的选择，以及这种有限的选择是否大大减少了退休福利以及情绪和身体健康和获得健康保险的机会。该项目将进一步评估是否可以通过重新进入劳动力市场等后续过程来减少最初退休过渡的负面结果。除了对健康相关结果的重要性外，该项目还为退休文献提供了理论和方法上的贡献。主要的创新包括确定退休过程，强调控制和认知效用，根据实际和最佳福利之间的差异衡量退休后的财务福利，以及评估配偶之间的影响和结果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project has three main objectives. First, it aims to identify the entire retirement processes of individuals and couples, defined by labor force exits and reentries, Social Security and pension receipt, and retiree self definitions. Second, it assesses the effects of choice (disability, job displacement, caregiving, and spouse control), instrumental, and cognitive utilities (reflecting social, couple, family and personal expectations about the timing of the retirement transition) on retirement transition processes. The third objective is to assess the outcomes (retirement plan implementation, benefit optimization, retirement satisfaction, change in income, food security, depressive symptoms, health risk behaviors, self-rated health, health insurance coverage, and life expectations) of specific retirement transition processes for individuals and couples. The analyses will rely on secondary analyses of the Health and Retirement Survey (waves 1992-2004). Main analyses techniques employed will include multistate life tables, regression techniques for censored data and interdependent observations (couples), structural equation modeling, and general estimation procedures. The project has important health-related outcomes. It will demonstrate to what extent health limitations preclude choice over retirement transitions and whether such limited choice significantly reduces retirement benefits as well as emotional and physical well-being and access to health insurance. The project will further assess whether negative outcomes of initial retirement transitions can be reduced through subsequent processes such as reentry into the labor force. In addition to its importance for health-related outcomes, the project also provides theoretical and methodological contributions to the retirement literature. Major innovations include the identification of retirement processes, the emphasis on control and cognitive utility, the measurement of post-retirement financial well-being in terms of the difference between actual and optimal benefits, and the assessment of cross-spouse influences and outcomes.