Effect of congenital vs acquired somatosensory deafferentation on self-body schema

项目总结 这笔小额的研究拨款将使我们能够研究唯一已知的先天缺乏 躯体感觉传入(KS)，并比较她的运动表现、无意识身体图式和 有意识的身体形象与IW的身体形象，IW是一种罕见的获得性躯体感觉疾病 损失以及对控制的影响。KS住在美国，IW住在英国，我们打算研究 这两个人都在英国伯明翰的共同派克里斯·迈尔设备齐全的实验室里。在两个参与者中 运动神经功能完好无损，使我们能够通过它的效应器身体部位来研究运动协调， 工作时没有外围来源的触觉反馈。请拨资金以支持旅行和 对照研究受试者进行比较。 大纤维感觉输入对于创造身体模式的重要性，反过来又允许快速和 运动的无意识生产将被KS和IW置于赤裸裸的浮雕中。两个截然不同的 对于这种投入损失的解决方案，一种基于先天缺乏，另一种基于后天损失，将是 已确认身份。在前一种情况下，基于增强的视觉本体感觉的自动度是 预期的，而面对获得性去传入的运动预计取决于有意识的 以及缓慢的视觉感知和认知监督相结合。因此，我们的工作假设是，IW使用 视觉感知，认知要求的运动规划，以及有意识的身体形象，以在 有意识的监督和最低限度的自动化方式。相反，我们假设KS使用可视 本体感觉，一种用视觉信息自动替代躯体感觉本体感觉的方法 支持自动支持运动规划和执行的车身模式。 目标1将通过要求KS和IW重复以前学到的内容来测试我们的假设 有认知负荷和无认知负荷的动作，并学习复杂程度不同的新动作。在AIM 2、IW和KS的无意识身体图式将通过REACH估计和测试进行询问 个人周围的知觉促进。最后，在目标3中，我们将直接比较KS和IW的意识 身体形象。拟议中的实验结果将首次揭示 大纤维体感信息在建立和维持数十年后，感觉运动 功能、身体图式和身体形象。

Project summary This small research grant will allow us to study the only known individual with a congenital lack of somatosensory afferents (KS) and to compare her motor performance, unconscious body schema, and conscious body image with those of IW, an individual with the rare condition of acquired somatosensory loss as well as to controls. KS lives in the United States and IW lives in Britain and we propose to study both individuals in the fully equipped laboratory of co-PI Chris Miall in Birmingham, UK. In both participants motor nerve function is intact, allowing us to investigate motor coordination through its effector body parts, working without peripherally originating haptic feedback. Funds are requested to support travel and the study of control participants for comparison. The importance of large-fiber sensory input for creating a body schema that in turn allows for the rapid and largely unconscious production of movement will be placed in stark relief by KS and IW. Two distinct solutions to a loss of such input, one based on a congenital lack and one on an acquired loss, will be identified. In the former case, a degree of automaticity based on enhanced visual proprioception is expected whereas movement in the face of acquired deafferentation is expected to depend on conscious and slow visual perception combined with cognitive oversight. Thus, our working hypothesis is that IW uses visual perception, cognitively demanding motor planning, and conscious body image to move in a consciously supervised and minimally automated manner. In contrast, we hypothesize that KS uses visual proprioception, an automated substitution of visual information for somatosensory proprioception, to support a body schema that automatically supports motor planning and execution. Aim 1 will test our hypotheses by asking KS and IW to make repeated iterations of previously learned movements, with and without cognitive load, and to learn new movements that range in complexity. In Aim 2, the unconscious body schema of IW and KS will be interrogated through reach estimation and testing for peri-personal perceptual facilitation. Finally, in Aim 3, we will directly compare KS’s and IW’s conscious body images. Results from the proposed experiments will uncover for the first time the relative roles of large-fiber somatosensory information in setting up and then maintaining for decades, sensorimotor function, body schema and body image.