Musical Rhythm Sensitivity to Scaffold Social Engagement in Autism Spectrum Disorder

我们最近展示了一个关键的婴儿适应社会行为--看着一个迷人的眼睛 照顾者--遵守一个基本的生物学原理：婴儿看起来像眼睛一样的夹带(或成为 时间锁定)到照顾者在婴儿指导的社交音乐交互期间的有节奏的社交提示 唱歌。同样重要的是，照顾者构建他们自己的儿童导向行为，以加强这种有节奏的暗示 并促进有意义的社会信息的传递和接收。这些结果为基本机制提供了信息 自闭症儿童的典型社会发展以及社会发展的中断。一个共同的和 终生神经发育障碍，ASD患者表现出社交和沟通障碍 需要专门支持的运作。在当前提案的试点数据中，我们观察到，患有 ASD表现出减弱的，尽管存在，对可预测的儿童指导的歌唱的节奏夹带。海流 该项目建立在我们对婴儿期有节奏的社会纠缠的发现基础上，以推进机械化 对典型发育幼儿和正常儿童社会发展中节律性夹带的理解 ASD，以及建议将节奏夹带作为以音乐为基础的社会干预的积极成分 患有自闭症的幼儿的沟通。在R61中，我们首先量化了有节奏的夹带对儿童的影响- 在患有和不患有自闭症的幼儿中进行定向唱歌(R61目标1)，并检查作为这一驱动因素的可预测性 夹带(R61目标2)。在可预测的社交音乐中成功地建立有节奏的夹带 参与(进行/不进行的标准)将为节奏敏感度的潜在基础作用提供强有力的证据 在社会纠缠中。在R33中，我们测量了个体节律性夹带的程度 ASD是音乐增强和标准的循证自然主义反应的机械论预测因子 针对自闭症的发展行为干预(R33目标3)。建立社会节奏敏感度的延展性 是确定未来基于音乐的研究的潜在变化机制的关键一步 自闭症患者功能性社交沟通结果的治疗。符合RFA-AT-19-001，促进 音乐与健康研究，该项目将促进对儿童健康和发展的严格研究，并 音乐干预。通过对自然社会提供的社会纠缠原则的考察 音乐互动，这项研究对扰乱人际同步性的基本机制有影响 在ASD，同时也确定积极参与的潜在目标，以发展基于音乐的 干预措施。

We recently demonstrated that a critical infant adaptive social behavior -- looking into the eyes of an engaging caregiver -- obeys a fundamental biological principle of ‘entrainment’: Infant eye-looking entrains (or becomes time-locked) to the rhythmic social cueing of a caregiver during social musical interactions of infant-directed singing. Equally importantly, caregivers structure their own child-directed behavior to enhance this rhythmic cuing and facilitate the delivery and receipt of meaningful social information. These results inform basic mechanisms of typical social development as well as disruptions in social development in children with ASD. A common and lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, individuals with ASD exhibit impairments in social and communicative functioning that require specialized support. In pilot data for the current proposal, we observe that toddlers with ASD show attenuated, though present, rhythmic entrainment to predictable child-directed singing. The current project builds upon our findings of rhythmic social entrainment during infancy to advance mechanistic understanding of rhythmic entrainment in social development in typically developing toddlers and those with ASD, as well as propose rhythmic entrainment as an active ingredient of music-based interventions for social communication in toddlers with ASD. In the R61, we first quantify the effects of rhythmic entrainment to child- directed singing in toddlers with and without ASD (R61 Aim 1) and examine predictability as a driver of this entrainment (R61 Aim 2). Successfully establishing rhythmic entrainment during predictable social musical engagement (Go/No-Go criteria) will provide strong evidence of a potential fundamental role of rhythm sensitivity in social entrainment. In the R33, we measure the extent to which individual levels of rhythmic entrainment in ASD are mechanistic predictors of response to music-enhanced and standard evidence-based naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for ASD (R33 Aim 3). Establishing malleability in social rhythm sensitivity is a crucial step for identifying potential mechanisms of change for future investigations of music-based treatments for functional social communication outcomes in ASD. In alignment with RFA-AT-19-001, Promoting Research on Music and Health, this project will facilitate rigorous studies of child health and development and musical interventions. Through examination of the principles of social entrainment afforded by natural social musical interactions, this research has implications for basic mechanisms of disrupted interpersonal synchrony in ASD, while also identifying potential targets of active engagement for the development of music-based interventions.