Development and Pilot Trial of an Intervention to Reduce Disclosure Recipients Negative Social Reactions and Victims Psychological Distress and Problem Drinking

项目摘要 亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)和性侵犯(SA)是大学生中的公共卫生问题 可能导致问题饮酒和相关的有害后果(例如，抑郁)。一个稳健的预测者 不受欢迎的受害者结果是对披露的负面社会反应(例如，不相信受害者)。到目前为止， 然而，没有专门针对IPV和SA披露的潜在接受者的干预措施 告知他们应对IPV或SA披露的最佳方法。拟议研究的目的 是测试干预措施(支持幸存者和自己[SSS]，由爱德华兹[PI]和他的同事开发) 为潜在的非正式支持披露接受者创建。SSS干预为个人提供 关于为什么积极的社会反应很重要以及为什么消极的社会反应可以 有害的，应该说什么和不应该说什么的例子，角色扮演的机会，以及强调 自我护理的重要性，以及如何在自我护理与IPV和SA受害者的需求之间取得平衡。 鉴于酒精在IPV和SA的风险和相关结果中扮演的关键角色--特别是在 大学生(这项干预的目标受众)--酒精在风险和结果中的作用 与IPV和SA相关的，包括酒精特有的社会反应，在SSS干预中讨论。 拟议的研究旨在进一步发展和使SSS干预措施具体化。此外，我们寻求 对SSS干预的效果进行严格的试点检查。来自中型新城的年轻成年人 英格兰大学将(A)从学院人口中随机选择，(B)邀请参加 基线调查，(C)随机分配参加SSS干预或等待名单控制组，以及 (C)要求完成为期六个月的后续调查。在为期六个月的随访中报告的参与者 他们是IPV或SA披露的接受者将被要求邀请向他们披露信息的受害者 参与研究；同意参与的受害者将被要求完成调查。分析将 确定与对照条件相比，暴露于SSS干预是否会导致阳性反应增加 披露对象的社会反应和负面社会反应的减少，以及问题的减少 饮酒和相关的有害后果(例如，抑郁症)。调解人(例如，受害者同理心， 鼓励健康的应对行为)和主持人(例如，人口统计数据、受害者有时饮酒 将检查SSS干预的有效性。大学生被选为调查对象 鉴于这一人群中IPV、SA和问题饮酒的高比率。如果显示为 有效的SSS干预可以在大学以外的各种环境中进行调整和实施 校园。

Project Summary Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault (SA) are public health issues among college students that can lead to problem drinking and related deleterious outcomes (e.g., depression). A robust predictor of undesirable victim outcomes is negative social reactions to disclosure (e.g., disbelieving the victim). To date, however, there is no intervention that specifically targets potential recipients of IPV and SA disclosure to inform them of the best methods for responding to an IPV or SA disclosure. The purpose of the proposed study is to test an intervention (Supporting Survivors and Self [SSS] developed by Edwards [PI] and colleagues) created for potential informal support disclosure recipients. The SSS intervention provides individuals with information on the reasons why positive social reactions are important and why negative social reactions can be harmful, examples of what to say and not to say, opportunities for role play, and an emphasis on the importance of self-care and ways in which self-care can be balanced with the needs of IPV and SA victims. Given the key role that alcohol plays in risk for and outcomes associated with IPV and SA—especially among college students (the targeted audience of this intervention)—the role of alcohol in risk for and outcomes associated with IPV and SA, including alcohol-specific social reactions, is addressed in the SSS intervention. The proposed study seeks to further develop and manualize the SSS intervention. Additionally, we seek to conduct a rigorous pilot examination of the effects of SSS intervention. Young adults from a medium-sized New England university will be (a) randomly selected from the college population, (b) invited to participate in baseline surveys, (c) randomly assigned to participate in the SSS intervention or a wait-list control group, and (c) asked to complete a six-month follow-up survey. Participants who report at the six-month follow-up that they were the recipient of an IPV or SA disclosure will be asked to invite the victim who disclosed to them to participate in the research; victims who agree to participate will be asked to complete surveys. Analyses will determine if exposure to the SSS intervention compared to the control condition leads to increases in positive social reactions and decreases in negative social reactions in disclosure recipients, and reductions in problem drinking and related deleterious outcomes (e.g., depression) in victims. Mediators (e.g., victim empathy, encouragement of healthy coping behaviors) and moderators (e.g., demographics, victim use of alcohol at time of the assault) of SSS intervention effectiveness will be examined. College students were chosen as the targeted population given the high rates of IPV, SA, and problem drinking among this population. If shown to be effective, the SSS intervention could be adapted and implemented in a variety of settings beyond college campuses.