Effects of a parenting-after-divorce program 26 years later on physical health, mental health, and competence outcomes in adult offspring and their children

项目摘要/摘要： 在美国，每年约有100万儿童经历父母离婚，据估计，40%的儿童 美国的儿童将经历家庭结构的这种转变。父母离婚增加了儿童精神障碍的风险 在整个生命周期内有多个功能领域。令人信服的证据表明，这个家庭 过渡给儿童、青春期和成年期带来了许多问题的风险，这些问题对 个人和社会成本，包括身体健康问题、精神健康问题，问题重重 使用药物、吸烟和危险的性行为。它还损害了学术等能力 表现、同伴能力和自尊。这项提案将NICHD的科学愿景推进到 “了解…有多具体随着时间的推移，行为因素和社会因素相互作用，影响健康和疾病。 并确定最有可能促进积极结果的个人和家庭因素，例如 恢复力。该项目的总体目标是检查新起点计划的长期影响 (NBP)，这是一项离婚后为人父母的预防计划，在子女9岁至9岁之间提供 12岁。NBP在以下方面显示出对多个问题结果和能力的积极影响 童年、青春期和初露头角的成年。这项申请建议对240名成年人进行26年的随访。 参加该计划的随机对照试验(RCT)的母亲的子女(35-38岁)。 该项目的具体目标如下：1)检查NBP对身体健康的影响， 心理健康，物质使用问题和能力结果将持续到成年，2)测试 该计划在成年后产生长期影响的途径，3)评估NBP是否导致 26年前和4)家庭参加NBP的成年人(G2)的后代(G3)的福利。 对NBP的财政影响进行全面评估。该项目建立在来自五个多个国家的数据基础上 代理人，多方法评估，具有良好的保留率(90%-98%的随机分配家庭)。在6个月中- 1年和15年的跟踪评估，在多个功能领域发现了方案效果， 包括身体健康和精神健康的结果和能力。多方法、多主体 评估包括成年子女、他们的恋人、他们3岁至3岁的孩子的报告 18岁和孩子的老师；亲子互动的行为观察；以及生理 将对健康结果进行衡量。数据分析策略，包括Logistic回归、分析 协方差和生存分析，将被用来测试计划对成年人和 他们的孩子。将进行多路径调解模型，以确定导致 节目效果。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: Parental divorce is experienced by about 1 million children per year in the US and it is estimated that 40% of children in the US will experience this transition in family structure. Parental divorce confers risk for problems in multiple domains of functioning across the lifespan. Compelling evidence demonstrates that this family transition confers risk for numerous problems in childhood, adolescence and adulthood that have significant individual and societal costs, including physical health problems, mental health problems, problematic substance use, cigarette smoking, and risky sexual activity. It also impairs competencies such as academic performance, peer competence and self-esteem. This proposal advances NICHD's scientific vision to “understand how specific… behavioral, and social factors interact over time to influence health and disease” and to identify individual- and family-level factors that are most likely to promote positive outcomes, such as resiliency. The overall goal of this project is to examine the long-term effects of the New Beginnings Program (NBP), a parenting-after-divorce prevention program that was provided when the offspring were between 9 and 12 years old. The NBP has shown positive effects on multiple problem outcomes and competencies in childhood, adolescence and emerging adulthood. This application proposes a 26-year follow-up of 240 adult offspring (35-38 years old) of mothers who participated in a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) of the program. The specific aims of the project are as follows: 1) examine whether the NBP's effects on physical health, mental health, and substance use problems and competence outcomes endure into adulthood, 2) test the pathways by which the program has long-term effects in adulthood, 3) assess whether the NBP leads to benefits in the offspring (G3) of adults (G2) whose families participated in the NBP 26 years earlier and 4)  conduct a comprehensive assessment of the NBP's fiscal impact.  This project builds on data from five multi- agent, multi-method assessments with excellent retention (90%-98% of randomly assigned families). In the 6- year and 15-year follow-up assessments, program effects were found on multiple domains of functioning, including physical health and mental health outcomes and competencies. Multi-method, multi-agent assessment that includes reports from the adult offspring, their romantic partners, their children between 3 and 18 years old and the children's teacher; behavioral observation of parent-child interactions; and physiological measures of health outcomes will be conducted. Data analytic strategies, including logistic regression, analysis of covariance and survival analysis, will be used to test program effects on the functioning of the adults and their children. Multiple-path mediation models will be conducted to identify the pathways that account for the program effects.