Characterizing parental beliefs to support optimization of vaccine introduction

在过去的15年里，世界卫生组织建议每个国家纳入政府资助的儿童疫苗接种计划的疫苗数量迅速增加，尽管很少有关于将新疫苗引入可能不熟悉预防的特定疾病的人群的最佳方法的研究。然而，围绕疫苗最初推出的情况可能会对疫苗和预防疾病的看法产生持久的影响（例如，人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗在美国引入十多年后的摄取率极低）。这个指导培训计划将建立在我强大的流行病学教育基础上，并将帮助我发展决策和实施科学方面的技能，以实现我的长期目标：了解随着更多疫苗的出现，人们对疫苗的态度如何随着时间的推移而变化;并制定干预措施，有效地减少疫苗新引入人群时的不信任。在这个补助金的培训计划将熟悉我与相关的方法;我将获得专业知识（1）制定健康信息，（2）研究人们对卫生保健干预措施的偏好，（3）了解政府对疫苗采用的观点，（4）管理复杂的国际研究。本提案的研究目标是利用该培训方案来表征疫苗可预防疾病的固有特征（如疫苗引入期间所示）如何影响特定疫苗和整个疫苗接种计划的评估。具体而言，我将（1）确定上海和密歇根州在COVID-19大流行期间疫苗接种的变化，（2）描述疫苗引入期间对疫苗特征和疫苗接种计划属性的偏好，（3）确定在人群中引入性传播感染疫苗的问题。该提案将产生试点数据，以支持未来的R 01赠款，该赠款将测试系统和提供者层面的活动和干预措施对HPV疫苗接种的有效性，同时还旨在减少疫苗犹豫。理想情况下，在中国采用新疫苗的同时扩大其政府资助的儿童疫苗接种计划，可以避免其他国家在引入新疫苗时遇到的陷阱，并反过来为美国的疫苗引入策略提供信息。该基金由一个咨询团队提供支持，该团队包括：Matthew Boulton博士，他是一位在儿童免疫方面具有专长的流行病学医生;丽莎普罗瑟教授，他是一位跨学科的卫生政策研究者，研究重点是疫苗决策; Brian Zikmund-Fisher教授，他是健康信息和风险沟通的领导者;孙晓东博士，上海疾病预防控制中心免疫项目主任;和中国上海复旦大学流行病学副教授Yihan Lu博士

The number of vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization for every country to include in government-sponsored childhood vaccination programs has rapidly increased over the past fifteen years, although there is little research regarding the best approach to new vaccine introduction into a population that may be unfamiliar with the specific disease prevented. However, the circumstances surrounding the initial rollout of a vaccine may exert a lasting impact on perceptions of the vaccine and the disease prevented (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake is extremely low more than ten years after its introduction in the US). This mentored training program will build upon my strong educational base in epidemiology, and will help me develop skills in decision and implementation sciences to reach my long-term goals: to understand how attitudes towards vaccines change over time as more vaccines become available; and to develop interventions that can effectively minimize distrust when a vaccine is newly introduced into a population. The training program in this grant will familiarize me with relevant methodological approaches; I will gain expertise in (1) developing health messages, (2) researching people's preferences for health care interventions, (3) understanding governmental perspectives on vaccine adoption, and (4) managing complex international studies. The research goal of this proposal utilizes this training regimen to characterize how the inherent characteristics of a vaccine-preventable disease (as presented during vaccine introduction) affect the valuation of a specific vaccine and the entire vaccination program. Specifically, I will (1) determine changes in vaccination in Shanghai and Michigan over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) characterize preferences for vaccine profile and vaccination program attributes during vaccine introduction, (3) identify problems in the introduction of vaccines for sexually transmitted infections in a population. This proposal will generate pilot data to support a future R01 grant, which will test the effectiveness of systemic- and provider-level activities and interventions on the uptake of HPV vaccine while also aiming to reduce vaccine hesitancy. Ideally, the adoption of new vaccines in China accompanying the expansion of their government sponsored childhood vaccination program can avoid the pitfalls experienced in other countries with new vaccine introduction, and in turn inform vaccine introduction strategies in the US. This grant proposal is supported by an advisory team comprising Dr. Matthew Boulton-a physician-epidemiologist with expertise in childhood immunization; Professor Lisa Prosser-an interdisciplinary health policy researcher with a research focus on vaccine decision-making; Professor Brian Zikmund-Fisher-a leader in health messaging and risk communication; Dr. Xiaodong Sun-the Director of Immunization Programs at the Shanghai Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and Dr. Yihan Lu-an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at Fudan University in Shanghai, China