T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship Program

上瘾和与之相关的艾滋病毒传播、犯罪和暴力等公共卫生问题严重 我们国家的损失，每年在医疗保健、生产力损失和监禁方面花费数十亿美元。这些是相互关联的 在全球新冠肺炎大流行期间，问题只会恶化，而且还在继续。我们需要加快 将最新的神经科学和神经遗传学知识“向前”转化为更有效的临床治疗 戒除毒瘾。相反，对于一些已知疗效的成瘾治疗方法，我们现在可以应用新的 神经科学和遗传学工具在“后向翻译”中的作用--例如，找出为什么一种治疗方法对某些人有效 个人，但对其他人来说却完全不是。为了帮助满足对熟练翻译研究人员的需求，此应用程序 提议继续进行成功的NIDA T32翻译(共32名受训人员；本供资期间有16名) 宾夕法尼亚大学的成瘾研究奖学金。培训计划(前4名，后4名) 博士职位)明确了宾夕法尼亚大学长期存在的翻译传统，将临床和基础相结合 研究优势培养学员，无论是临床或临床前、博士或医学博士，他们将加速 未来十年的成瘾科学。对翻译的重视体现在项目的各个层面-- 通过联合绩效指标(临床和基础、奇尔德里斯和布兰迪博士)、内部和外部顾问、正式 教学论、“双”(临床-临床前)期刊俱乐部，以及学员指导的研究项目。这个 该计划的翻译重点是认识到成瘾是复杂的障碍，多方面的 由遗传易损性、接触药物和一系列调节(例如，早期 创伤、压力、文化规范)影响。因此，实习生可以获得有关这些方面的最新知识 通过特定于计划的说教系列，以及通过指导项目 范围可能从分子和基因研究到脑系统(神经科学和神经成像，包括 宠物)、临床治疗试验和药物政策。这种广泛的选择是由 大学在成瘾研究方面的卓越表现，反映在几个相互作用的学术研究实体中 美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学成瘾研究中心； 宾夕法尼亚大学PET中心；复杂系统实验室)为联谊会提供熟练、成功的导师。受指导的 研究也在几个附属治疗环境中进行(VA、Presby-Penn、局部阿片类药物治疗 诊所和流动艾滋病毒预防单位)，对于将新的研究成果转化为“现实世界”至关重要。

Addictions and the associated public health problems of HIV transmission, crime and violence, exact a severe toll on our nation, costing billions annually in health care, lost productivity, and incarceration. These inter-related problems have only worsened during the global COVID-19 pandemic, still ongoing. We need to speed the "forward" translation of recent neuroscience and neurogenetic knowledge into more effective clinical treatments for the addictions. Conversely, for addiction treatments with some known efficacy, we can now apply new neuroscience and genetic tools in "backward-translation" -- e.g., finding why a treatment works well for some individuals, yet not at all for others. To help meet the need for skilled translational researchers, this application proposes continuation of a successful (32 total trainees; 16 in the current funding period) NIDA T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania. The training program (4 pre- and 4 post- doctoral positions) makes explicit a long-standing translational tradition at Penn, integrating clinical and basic research strengths to create trainees, whether clinical or preclinical, Ph.D.s or M.D.s, who will accelerate addiction science in the next decade. The emphasis on translation is reflected at each level of the program - through the Co-PIs (clinical and basic, Drs. Childress and Blendy), the internal and external advisors, the formal didactics, the "dual" (clinical - preclinical) journal clubs, and in the trainees' mentored research projects. The translational emphasis of the program is driven by the recognition that addictions are complex disorders, multi- determined by interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, exposure to drug, and a host of modulating (e.g., early trauma, stress, cultural norms) influences. Trainees are thus offered state-of-the-art knowledge about these interacting determinants through a didactic series specific to the program, and through mentored projects that may range from molecular and genetic studies, to brain systems (neuroscience and neuroimaging, including PET), to clinical treatment trials, and drug policy. This wide range of choices is enabled by the long history of excellence in addiction research at the University, reflected in several interacting academic research entities (Penn Center for Studies on Addiction; Translational Research Laboratories/CNB; Center for AIDS Research; Penn PET Center; the Complex Systems Lab) offering skilled, successful mentors to the Fellowship. Mentored research also takes place within several affiliated treatment settings (VA, Presby-Penn, local opioid treatment clinics, and mobile HIV Prevention units), critical for translating new research findings into the "real world”.