The ECHO Measurement Core: A Framework and Resource for Assessing Environmental Exposure and Child Health

环境暴露深刻地塑造了寿命、健康和疾病的轨迹。先入为主和先入为主 围产期暴露会永久性地改变发育中的大脑和相关的调节系统，从而增加 对多种疾病和发展挑战的易感性。保护和促进环境 因素可以促进幸福，即使在逆境中也是如此。回声联盟的队列研究地点，核心， 中心致力于绘制早期暴露对儿童健康和发育的影响图。好的 科学依赖于良好的衡量标准。我们建议的回声测量核心将提供建议、协调和 对暴露、发育过程和健康结果进行协调、灵敏的测量 对于实现Echo的目标至关重要。我们提出了三个目标。目标1是制定和完善措施，以 回声队列协议(ECP)，包括实施措施的方法。我们将带头优化 对暴露和结果的测量，牢记最佳测量实践和受访者 和员工负担。我们将及时领导制定议定书的先入为主的部分，借鉴 通过ECHO网络提供多样化的专业知识，以确保可行、可靠且对文化敏感的 先入为主时期的关键数据元素对初级Echo儿童健康有直接影响 结果(产前、围产期、产后、呼吸道、肥胖、神经发育和积极健康)。我们将利用 新的心理测量和技术方法，如计算机自适应测试、可穿戴传感器和其他 远程评估方面的创新，以减少参与学习的障碍，增强参与者的留存力。 目标2是协助ECO联盟实施和评估ECP。我们将进一步合作 与联盟中的每个人一起敲定协议并建立标准实施战略 可以在不同的队列研究地点实施，包括确定最佳研究访问结构 和编排，操作程序(MOP)的开发手册(S)，以及创建、支持和何时 适当、领先的培训。目标3是领导战略决策和运营战略，以纳入 新的和修订的措施，以促进回声队列科学，同时最大限度地减少参与者和工作人员的负担。我们 建议通过保持协作通信、快速部署数据来优化测量决策 以及用于时间敏感型需求的生物素收集，确定和评估重要的测量 发展，为迅速采用创新的数据收集方法创造技术管道；以及 确保针对不同人群验证数据收集策略。我们的测量科学专业知识 Echo内外，与我们以参与者为中心的方法相结合，使我们能够在可靠和 具有实际可行性的有效评估，最终使我们能够将ECHO科学家聚集在一起，朝着我们的 共同的目标是绘制早期接触对儿童健康和发育的影响。

Environmental exposures profoundly shape lifespan health and disease trajectories. Preconception and pre- perinatal exposure can permanently alter the developing brain and associated regulatory systems to increase susceptibility to a host of diseases and developmental challenges. Protective and promotive environmental factors can promote well-being, even amidst adversity. The ECHO Consortium of Cohort Study Sites, Cores, and Centers is dedicated to mapping the impact of early exposures on child health and development. Good science depends on good measurement. Our proposed ECHO Measurement Core will advise, orchestrate, and frame the coordinated, sensitive measurement of exposures, developmental processes, and health outcomes central to achieving ECHO's objective. We propose three aims. Aim 1 is to develop and refine measures for the ECHO Cohort Protocol (ECP), including methods to implement the measures. We will lead efforts to optimize the measurement of exposures and outcomes, mindful of best measurement practices as well as respondent and staff burden. We will lead the timely development of a preconception section for the Protocol by drawing on diverse expertise across the ECHO Network to ensure feasible, robust, and culturally sensitive assessment of critical data elements in the preconception period that have direct import for the primary ECHO child health outcomes (pre-, peri-, post-natal, airways, obesity, neurodevelopment, and positive health). We will leverage novel psychometric and technological methods such as computer adaptive tests, wearable sensors, and other innovations in remote assessment, to reduce barriers to study participation and enhance participant retention. Aim 2 is to assist the ECHO Consortium in implementing and evaluating the ECP. We will further collaborate with everyone in the Consortium to finalize the protocol and establish a standard implementation strategy that can be implemented across the diverse Cohort Study Sites, including determining optimal study visit structure and choreography, developing Manual(s) of Operating Procedures (MOPs), and creating, supporting, and, when appropriate, leading training. Aim 3 is to lead strategic decision-making and operational strategies to incorporate new and revised measures to advance ECHO Cohort science while minimizing participant and staff burden. We propose to optimize measurement decisions by maintaining collaborative communication, rapidly deploying data and biospecimen collection for time-sensitive needs, identifying and evaluating important measurement developments, creating a technology pipeline for rapid adoption of innovative approaches to data collection, and ensuring data collection strategies are validated for diverse populations. Our measurement science expertise within and outside of ECHO, paired with our participant-centered approach, enables us to bridge reliable and valid assessment with practical feasibility and ultimately allows us to bring ECHO scientists together toward our shared goal of mapping the impact of early exposures on child health and development.