OPTICAL AND RETINAL LIMITS TO VISUAL PERFORMANCE

描述(摘自)：这项研究的长期目标是 确定光学和视网膜因素如何影响视力。具体目标 对于下一个项目期，分为两大类：视网膜 建筑和视觉光学。视网膜建筑强加了基本的 对健康人空间视觉质量的限制。上一首 实验表明，视觉分辨率是最重要的一个因素 临床上使用的视功能测量方法是有限的 最终由视网膜马赛克中视觉神经元的间距决定。在……里面 以便利用这一事实来开发有用的新诊断工具 在探索视网膜疾病时，首席研究员建议 描述整个视野中分辨率的地形特征 正常的眼睛。有了这个规范的标准，两个临床 对人群(青光眼和弱视患者)进行检查 异常稀疏采样马赛克的证据。额外的实验 用来测量视网膜对运动知觉的限制 在视野中，将这些结果与标准地图进行比较 分辨率，并将两张地图与已知的视觉地形图进行比较 以人类视网膜中的神经元为测试样本的模型。一大专业 对视觉分辨率采样理论的挑战是解释 采样拼接中不规则性对视觉表现的影响。 为了解决这个问题，我们建议对影响进行系统的调查。 视觉目标在分辨率和运动感知上的不规则性 由实验者(谁可以控制程度)抽样 不规则性)，而不是通过视觉系统。另一个挑战是 将被广泛接受的并行路径模型合并到 理论。根据这种视网膜结构模型，视网膜是 不是单个马赛克，而是一组独立的马赛克，每个马赛克 同时对视网膜图像进行采样，以便传输到特定的 大脑的视觉区域通过视神经纤维的亚群。按顺序 为了阐明该模型对空间分辨率的影响， 首席研究员建议调查高等中心 视觉系统对携带的独立神经图像进行重新组合 并行通道，从而将有效采样密度提高到 实现分辨率的相应提高。视觉光学技术可防止 获得样本的眼睛-中央视觉的有限表现，但 不适用于周边视力，如果视网膜图像聚焦良好的话。 要确定外围设备可以容忍多少光学离焦 在解决方案开始受到影响之前，首席调查员建议 屈光不正对分辨率影响的系统研究 限制。为了充分考虑这些对视觉的光学影响， 对光学质量有准确的描述是很重要的 视网膜图像的图像。为此，首席调查员 提出了一种测量光学传递的新技术 客观上是眼睛的功能。

DESCRIPTION (from abstract): The long term goal of this research is to determine how optical and retinal factors affect vision. Specific aims for the next project period fall in two broad categories: retinal architecture and visual optics. Retinal architecture imposes fundamental limits on the quality of spatial vision in healthy individuals. Previous experiments indicate that visual resolution, the single most important measure of visual function used in clinical practice, is limited ultimately by the spacing of visual neurons in the retinal mosaic. In order to exploit this fact to develop useful new diagnostic tools for probing retinal disease, the principal investigator proposes to characterize the topography of resolution throughout the visual field of normal eyes. Armed with this normative standard, two clinical populations (glaucoma and amblyopia patients) will be examined for evidence of abnormally sparse sampling mosaics. Additional experiments are proposed to measure the retinal limitations to motion perception across the visual field, to compare these results to a normative map of resolution, and to compare both maps with the known topography of visual neurons in the human retina as a test of the sampling model. One major challenge to a sampling theory of visual resolution is to account for the effect on visual performance of irregularity in the sampling mosaic. To address this issue we propose a systematic investigation of the effect of irregularity on resolution and motion perception using visual targets sampled by the experimenter (who has control over the degree of irregularity) rather than by the visual system. Another challenge is to incorporate the widely accepted model of parallel pathways into the theory. According to this model of retinal architecture, the retina is not a single mosaic but a set of independent mosaics, each of which samples the retinal image concurrently for transmission to specific visual areas of the brain via sub-sets of optic nerve fibers. In order to clarify the implications of this model for spatial resolution, the principal investigator proposes to investigate whether higher centers of the visual system recombine the independent neural images carried by parallel channels, thereby increasing the effective sampling density to achieve a corresponding increase in resolution. Visual optics prevent the eye from attaining sampling-limited performance in central vision but not for peripheral vision, provided the retinal image is well focused. To determine how much optical defocus can be tolerated in the periphery before resolution begins to suffer, the principal investigator proposes a systematic study of the effect of refractive error on the resolution limit. In order to fully account for these optical effects on vision, it is important to have an accurate description of the optical quality of the retinal image. For this purpose, the principal investigator proposes to develop a novel technique for measuring the optical transfer function of the eye objectively.