The Norwegian Mother And Child Study: Environmental Specimen Collection

挪威母婴队列研究(MOBA)是一项正在进行的怀孕队列研究，目标是到2008年招募11万名孕妇。这项研究基于父母填写的问卷，生物标本收集自母亲、父亲和孩子。这项研究的主要目的是寻找疾病的原因。NIEHS为这项研究提供了部分支持，并在2002年扩大了数据收集方案，包括从怀孕第17周的母亲那里收集更多的生物标本(额外的血清、在无微量元素容器中收集的全血样本和尿液)。这些标本将增强检查环境暴露与儿童及其母亲的各种健康后果的关系的能力。截至2008年4月30日，已有72,227名受试者提供了血液和尿液，这些血液和尿液是与NIEHS一起收集的。我们预计在截止报名前，将会有大约8,000个额外科目被录取。 在过去的一年里，为了准备在莫巴岛进行一项新的研究，我们发表了一篇关于不同实验室测量我们计划研究的一组环境污染物--全氟烷基的能力的论文。我们还几乎完成了一份关于MoBA母亲尿液中三种环境污染物水平的报告：有机磷农药、双酚A和邻苯二甲酸盐。双酚A和有机磷农药代谢物的水平高于美国，这使得MoBA资源成为研究相关健康后果的特别有价值的环境。 过去一年的另一项活动是在MOBA方案中增加了在怀孕23周和29周时为一部分妇女收集额外的尿样。我们预计，到今年秋天，将有大约600名妇女拥有一套完整的三个怀孕尿液样本。目前，我们正在制定一项协议，以测量这些标本中有机磷农药和双酚A代谢物的水平，以确定这些水平的重复性。这些信息将帮助我们规划未来关于与健康结果相关的研究。 由于这项研究还处于学科招生阶段，科学报告的撰写还比较有限。在NIEHS，我们正在开发将嵌套在MoBA中的研究。目前计划进行的研究包括：孕期血清全氟烷基化合物水平与婴儿生长的关系，唇腭裂的危险因素，人类基因的非孟德尔传递的搜索，母亲孕期的体力活动和胎儿丢失，饮食摄入量和妊娠期糖尿病，孕期的体力活动和婴儿神经发育，母亲抗叶酸受体自身抗体作为叶酸敏感型出生缺陷的风险因素，有机磷农药暴露和自闭症的风险，以及脑瘫的病因。

The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is an ongoing pregnancy cohort study, with the aim of enrolling 110,000 pregnancies by 2008. The study is based on questionnaires completed by the mother and father, and biological specimens are collected from the mother, father and child. The main purpose of the study is to find causes of diseases. NIEHS is providing partial support for the study, and in 2002 expanded the data collection protocol to include collection of more biologic specimens from the mothers during the 17th week of pregnancy (additional serum, a specimen of whole blood collected in a trace-element free container, and urine). These specimens will enhance the ability to examine the relation of environmental exposures in relation to various health outcomes in the children and their mothers. As of April 30, 2008, 72,227 subjects had provided blood and urine that was collected in conjunction with NIEHS. We expect about 8,000 additional subjects to be recruited before enrollment closes. In the past year, in preparation for a new study in MoBa, we published a paper on the ability of various laboratories to measure a group of environmental contaminants that we plan to study, perfluorinated alkyls. We have also nearly completed work on a report about levels of 3 types of environmental contaminants in the urine of MoBa mothers: organophosphate pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates. The levels of bisphenol A and organophosphate pesticide metabolites were higher than in the U.S., making the MoBa resource an especially valuable setting for studies of associated health outcomes. Another activity in the past year was to add to the MoBa protocol the collection additional urine specimens in pregnancy, at weeks 23 and 29, for a subset of women. We anticipate that by the fall of this year about 600 women will have a complete set of three urine specimens from pregnancy. At this time we are putting in place a protocol to measure the levels of metabolites of organophosphate pesticides and bisphenol A in these specimens, to determine how reproducibile the levels are. This information will help us plan future studies on associations with health outcomes. Because the study is still in the subject enrollment phase, writing of scientific reports is still relatively limited. At NIEHS, we are developing studies that will be nested within MoBa. The current list of planned studies includes: Pregnancy Serum Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals in Relation to Infant Growth, Risk Factors for Cleft Lip and Palate, A Search for the Non-mendelian Transmission of Human Genes, Mother's Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Fetal Loss, Dietary Intake and Gestational Diabetes, Physical Activity in Pregnancy and Infant Neurodevelopment, Maternal Autoantibodies against Folate Receptors as a Risk Factor for Folate Sensitive Birth Defects, Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Risk of Autism, and the Etiology of Cerebral Palsy.