Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and the Built Environment

描述(由申请人提供)：个人生活在一系列等级环境中，这些环境与健康和行为有关，超过了个人层面的影响，如社会经济地位或种族。在许多情况下，调查人员使用地理信息系统来衡量这些影响健康的宏观环境影响，以便将个人的家庭和工作环境联系起来。这一不断增长的研究领域已将公共卫生研究人员引向环境层面的干预措施，以解决心血管健康问题。然而，由于背景研究主要是横断式的，体力活动往往是在没有评估饮食的情况下评估的，反之亦然，在最佳干预途径方面仍然存在许多知识差距。此外，干预措施的方向如何随年龄和其他人口统计数据而变化仍不得而知。本项目的目的是同时评估当地的食物和体育活动环境对纽约布鲁克林城市老年人的健康和行为的影响。因为老年人可能更依赖于当地的福利和服务，心血管疾病结果的风险也更高，我们的目标是专注于65岁或以上的人。我们计划研究建筑环境与老年人的健康和行为之间的交集，以便为指导公共卫生干预提供经验证据。方法：我们将对从布鲁克林五个地区招募的1655名老年人进行前瞻性队列研究，他们将在基线访问两年后接受治疗。这项研究将包括对食物、体力活动和交通资源的环境评估，以及与老年人的访谈，以获得关于营养、体力活动和健康的态度、看法和文化差异的信息。我们还将监测饮食、体力活动和心血管疾病风险因素。我们将衡量食物和体育活动环境的变化和利用对个人行为和健康结果的影响，以及其他环境(身体和社会)和个人水平(即收入)因素的贡献。结论：这项研究将为老年人在建筑环境中的互动以及对健康行为和健康结果的影响提供经验证据。公共卫生相关性：这项关于建筑环境对老年人心血管健康和健康行为影响的前瞻性评估旨在发展循证知识，为公共卫生干预提供信息。这项建议旨在评估个人、身体和社会环境与影响心血管疾病风险的饮食/体力活动决策和行为之间的关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individuals live within a series of hierarchical environments, and these environments are associated with health and behaviors over and beyond individual level influences such as socioeconomic status or race. In many cases, these macro-level environmental influences that affect health have been measured by investigators by using geographic information systems, in order to contextualize individuals' home and work environments. This growing area of research has lead public health researchers towards environmental level interventions to address cardiovascular health. However, because contextual studies have been primarily cross-sectional, and physical activity is often assessed without evaluating diet and vise-versa, there remain many knowledge gaps regarding the best avenues for interventions. Furthermore, how the direction for interventions may vary by age and other population demographics remain unknown. The purpose of this project is to assess the local food and physical activity environments simultaneously on the health and behaviors of urban Seniors in Brooklyn NY. Because Seniors may be more reliant on a local area for good and services and at higher risk for cardiovascular disease outcomes, our aim is to focus on individuals 65 years or older. We plan to study the intersection between the built environment and Seniors' health and behaviors in order to provide empirical evidence to direct public health interventions. Methods: We will conduct a prospective cohort study of 1,655 Seniors recruited from five areas of Brooklyn who will be seen two years after the baseline visit. The study will consist of environmental assessment of food; physical activity and transportation resources as well interviews with Seniors to gain information about attitudes, perceptions and cultural variation around nutrition, physical activity and health. We will also monitor diet, physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors. We will measure the influence of changes and utilization of the food and physical activity environment on individuals' behaviors and health outcomes as well as the contribution of other environmental (physical and social) and individual-level (i.e. income) factors. Conclusions: The study will provide empirical evidence of Seniors' interactions in their built environments and effect on health behaviors and health outcome. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This prospective evaluation of the effect of the built environment on cardiovascular health and health behaviors of Seniors is intended to develop evidence-based knowledge to inform public health interventions. This proposal aims to evaluate the relationships between individuals, physical and social environments and dietary/physical activity decisions and behaviors that effect cardiovascular disease risk.