Cost-effective prevention of cardiovascular disease in developing countries

描述(由申请人提供)：对于避免发展中国家的重大痛苦和死亡，具有成本效益的心血管疾病预防(CVD)是必要的。这一国际研究科学家发展奖的目的是为申请者Thomas A Gaziano在发展中国家作为一名具有成本效益的心血管疾病预防的独立调查员的职业生涯做准备。目前的国际指南根据包括胆固醇和糖尿病状况在内的多种风险因素来评估心血管疾病的风险。然而，血液检测的成本和缺乏训练有素的工作人员来获取样本，使得这些指导方针在发展中国家不可持续。此外，目前还不清楚血液样本为其他容易获得的风险因素提供了多少额外信息。加齐亚诺博士提出了一项为期三年的培训和研究计划，以继续开发一种简单的无血筛查工具，用于预测那些心血管疾病风险最高的人，然后评估这种战略在两个截然不同的发展中国家的成本效益。研究计划包括两个具体目标。1.评估一组容易获得的心血管疾病危险因素--年龄、吸烟、收缩压和肥胖测量(BMI)--的预测价值，并将其与使用年龄、吸烟状况、血压、血脂和糖尿病状况的更常用的模型进行比较。这项分析将在妇女健康研究和医生健康数据库中使用COX比例风险模型进行。2.使用以下策略进行心血管疾病筛查的成本效益分析：不抽血筛查、抽血筛查，以及首先评估风险而不抽血的两步过程的第三个战略，以确定可能受益于较高费用抽血筛查的人群中的一部分。这项分析将部分基于印度心血管疾病哨兵监测研究和南非人口与健康调查中的成本和风险因素流行数据。与公共卫生相关：80%的心血管死亡发生在发展中国家。评估高危人群是预防的一项重要战略。发展中国家用于需要实验室检测的战略的资源有限。我们进行了一项研究，以确定非基于实验室的风险预测工具是否可以像需要实验室信息的工具一样发挥作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cost-effective prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is necessary to avert significant suffering and death in developing countries. The purpose of this International Research Scientist Development Award is to prepare the applicant, Thomas A Gaziano, for a career as an independent investigator in cost-effective CVD prevention in developing countries. Current international guidelines assess risk of CVD on the basis of multiple risk factors including cholesterol and diabetes status. However, the cost of blood testing and a lack of trained staff to obtain samples make these guidelines unsustainable in developing countries. Further, it is unclear how much added information blood sampling provides to other easily obtainable risk factors. Dr. Gaziano proposes a three-year training and research proposal to continue the development of a simple bloodless screening tool for predicting those at highest risk for CVD and then to assess the cost effectiveness of such a strategy in two very different developing countries. The research plan consists of two specific aims. 1. To assess the predictive value of a set of easily obtainable risk factors for CVD --age, tobacco, systolic blood pressure, and an obesity measure (BMI)~ and compare it to the more commonly used model that uses age, tobacco status, blood pressure, lipids and diabetes status. The analysis will be conducted with the Women's Health Study and Physician's Health databases using Cox-proportional hazard modeling. 2. To conduct a cost-effective analysis of screening for CVD using the following strategies: screening without blood sampling, screening with blood sampling, and a third strategy of a two step process of first assessing risk with no blood testing to identify a subset of the population who might benefit from higher cost screening with blood testing. This analysis will be based in part on cost and risk factor prevalence data in the Sentinel Surveillance for CVD in India Study and the Demographic and Health Survey in South Africa. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Eighty percent of cardiovascular deaths occur in developing countries. Assessing those at high risk is an important strategy for prevention. Developing countries have limited resources for strategies that require laboratory testing. We conducted a study to determine if a non laboratory-based risk prediction tool could perform as well as one requiring laboratory information.