Smoking cessation from brain to the real world: an fMRI-experience sampling study

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究项目旨在了解涉及基本目标追求过程的神经过程如何与现实世界戒烟的行为结果和现象学经验联系起来。在提出的模型中，戒烟是一个复杂的目标追求，需要数月或数年的时间，需要许多组成过程的协调。因此，神经科学和社会心理学研究了戒烟的不同方面。一方面，迄今为止的神经科学研究对理解戒烟的组成部分（如反应抑制、注意力控制）做出了重要贡献，但尚未阐明这些神经过程如何与日常结果和经历相关。另一方面，社会心理学家专注于日常目标追求的广泛理论，但对相关的神经系统知之甚少。拟议的研究计划试图以两种方式将这两个层次的分析联系起来：第一，通过将功能磁共振成像与经验抽样相结合，第二，通过引入一种方法-回避动机理论框架，将神经和行为研究联系起来。趋近回避动机是指个体、情境或任务倾向于趋近激励和避免威胁的程度，已被证明在情感、认知、行为和神经层面上与目标追求相关。在实验1中，吸烟者（参加了戒烟计划但尚未戒烟）在功能磁共振成像扫描仪中完成了一个基本的目标追求任务。该任务评估了目标追求过程中不同部分的神经反应，如目标表征、反应抑制和进展监测，并有接近和回避条件。实验二使用个人数字助理对这些参与者进行了为期14天的追踪。每天监测8次香烟消费和购买情况，以及戒烟的影响和动机。在这两个实验中收集的数据然后一起分析，使用神经反应来预测以后的行为、情绪和动机结果。该方法通过研究目标追求的实验室研究中检测的神经系统对现实世界目标追求结果的影响，并为目标追求和戒烟的研究带来一个总体的理论视角，从而实现了项目目标。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究推进了有关戒烟神经系统的科学知识，以及它们与戒烟过程中行为结果的联系。结果可能为戒烟干预和戒烟策略的个体差异提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed program of research seeks to understand how the neural processes involved in basic goal pursuit processes are linked to the behavioral outcomes and phenomenological experience of real-world smoking cessation. In the proposed model, smoking cessation is a complex goal pursuit, occurring over months and years, that requires the coordination of many component processes. As such, neuroscience and social psychology have studied different aspects of smoking cessation. On one hand, neuroscience studies to date have made important contributions toward understanding component parts of smoking cessation (e.g. response inhibition, attention control), but have yet to clarify how those neural processes are related to everyday outcomes and experiences. On the other hand, social psychologists have focused on broad theories of everyday goal pursuit, but little is know about the associated neural systems. The proposed program of research seeks to link these two levels of analysis in two ways: first, by combining fMRI with experience sampling, and second, by bringing an approach-avoidance motivation theoretical framework that bridges both neural and behavioral research. Approach-avoidance motivation refers to the extent to which an individual, situation, or task is oriented toward approaching incentives and avoiding threats, and has been shown to be relevant goal pursuit at affective, cognitive, behavioral, and neural levels. In Experiment 1, participants who are smokers [ENROLLED IN A SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM BUT WHO ARE NOT YET ABSTINENT] complete a basic goal pursuit task in the fMRI scanner. This task assess neural responses to various parts of the goal pursuit process such as goal representation, response inhibition, and progress monitoring, and has both approach and avoidance conditions. [EXPERIMENT 2 TRACKS THOSE SAME PARTICIPANTS DURING THEIR CESSATION ATTEMPT] for 14 days using personal digital assistants. Cigarette consumption and purchase is monitored eight times each day, along with affect and motivation to quit. The data collected in these two experiments is then analyzed together, using neural responses to predict later behavioral, emotional, and motivational outcomes. This approach achieves the project objectives by examining the impact of the neural systems examined in lab-based studies of goal pursuit on the outcomes of a real-world goal pursuit, and by brining an overarching theoretical perspective to the study of goal pursuit and smoking cessation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed studies advance scientific knowledge on the neural systems involved in smoking cessation, and their connection to behavioral outcomes during a quitting attempt. Results potentially inform quitting interventions and individual differences in quitting strategies.