Predoctoral Training Program in Molecular Evolution

请参阅说明)： 自然选择是物种和生态系统生物学中最强大的概念。近年来， 进化的原理和机制对分子科学也是至关重要的。许多 人类健康的问题现在被认为是根源于分子突变和 选择。此外，越来越多的受生物进化启发的技术正在成为 可在实验室通过进化手段产生新的分子功能。进化论在 生物和化学中的分子尺度都是这个独特的培训计划的主题，这是非常有意义的 对生物技术未来的重要性。 我们既不关注生命的起源，也不关注生物层面的进化，这两个传统领域 对进化生物学感兴趣。相反，我们强调应用以下原则和机制 突变、选择和反馈到三个方面：(1)免疫系统是自然界快速反应的主要引擎 分子进化；(2)寄主-病原菌相互作用中的分子进化；(3)发展和 分子进化新工具在实验室中的应用。 培训计划从研究生级别的课程(《化学和生物原理》)开始 《进化论》)，并包括以下其他特点：(A)文献综述和由 学生，(B)教员年度研究介绍，(C)年度计划务虚会，(D)密集 跨学科互动，包括上述三个机构的调查人员每月举行的科学会议 一般区域，并允许所有受训人员进入所有参与实验室；(E)建造和更新 学生和教师都有参考文本、技术手册和基于Web的开放获取资源， (F)安全和科学道德方面的培训；(G)所有学生的工业实习；和(H)定期审查 一个由杰出的外部专家组成的小组。在这个框架内，学员有广泛的机会参观 研究人员和许多参与实验室的教职员工和同事，给了他们广泛的和 对这一激动人心的领域有深刻的看法。 相关性(请参阅说明)：

Seeinstructions): Natural selection is the most powerful concept in the biology of species and ecosystems. In recent years, the principles and mechanisms of evolution have become vital to the molecular sciences as well. Many problems in human health are now recognized as being rooted in processes of molecular mutation and selection. Furthermore, a growing number of techniques inspired by biological evolution are becoming available to produce new molecular function by evolutionary means in the laboratory. Evolution at the molecular scale in both biology and chemistry is the subject of this unique training program, which is of great importance to the future of biotechnology. We focus neither on the origin of life nor on evolution at the organism level, the two traditional areas of interest in evolutionary biology. Rather, we emphasize the application of the principles and mechanisms of mutation, selection, and feedback to three areas: (1) the immune system as Nature's chief engine for rapid molecular evolution; (2) molecular evolution in host-pathogen interactions; and (3) the development and application of new tools for molecular evolution in the laboratory. The training program begins with a graduate-level course ("Chemical and Biological Principles of Evolution"), and includes the following additional features: (a) literature reviews and seminar series run by the students, (b) a yearly introduction to research by the faculty, (c) an annual program retreat, (d) intensive cross-disciplinary interactions including monthly scientific meetings of investigators in the above three general areas, and access of all trainees to all participating laboratories, (e) construction and updating by both students and faculty of a reference text, technical manual, and web-based open access resource, (f) training in safety and scientific ethics, (g) industrial internships for all students, and (h) periodic review by a panel of distinguished outside experts. Within this framework, trainees have extensive exposure to visiting investigators and to faculty and coworkers in many participating laboratories, giving them both a broad and deep perspective on this exciting field. RELEVANCE (Seeinstructions):