Improving Dissemination of a Retail Workplace Violence Prevention Program

描述（由申请人提供）：零售行业的工人在工作场所被谋杀的风险最大，其中大多数是在抢劫中发生的。以证据为基础的降低抢劫风险的项目在零售业取得了巨大成功。然而，关于如何传播这些计划以最大限度地利用这些计划的信息在很大程度上是不可获得的，特别是对小企业而言。调查显示，大多数小企业自己很少或根本没有实施标准的循证项目建议，而是会选择成本更高、效果更差的威慑方法。根据研究小组目前正在进行的研究，当提供成本较低、以证据为基础的项目时，许多企业经营者要么拒绝参与，要么表现出对项目的兴趣，而不遵守建议。关键是要确定有效的方法，向小型企业经营者传播基于证据的项目信息，并将其转化为有效的项目实施。这个拟议的翻译项目的目标是确定在小型零售企业中实施基于证据的抢劫和暴力预防计划的障碍，并制定克服障碍和增加有效战略吸收的方法。这将通过审查多个层面的潜在影响来实现，包括项目实施的方法；节目素材的特点；经营者防范抢劫的态度与行为；以及社交网络在建立信任和激励参与项目方面的作用。具体目标是：(1)确定经营者对基于证据的抢劫和暴力预防计划的设计、交付和营销的偏好，(2)了解经营者如何确定他们不需要参与此类计划，以及(3)检查社会网络在影响经营者参与和实施基于证据的计划建议的行为方面可以发挥多大的支持作用。拟议的项目建立在niosh资助的两项研究的基础上，全国六个警察部门正在向抢劫和相关犯罪高风险的小型零售场所传播一个基于证据的项目。在拟议的研究中，将从六个部门的三个管辖区中选择三个商业经营者群体，代表参与和实施计划的不同阶段。将使用社会营销、健康行为和社会支持网络模型开发的工具对企业经营者进行访谈。访谈的目的是确定影响经营者使用循证方案的因素，包括确定可能提高方案可信度和可接受性的社会网络，从而提高方案的接受程度。然后召集这些社交网络的成员进行焦点小组访谈，以确定他们如何支持推广和招聘工作。将采用定性和定量方法来实现这些目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Workers in the retail industry are at greatest risk for workplace homicide, the majority of which are committed during a robbery. Evidence-based programs to reduce robbery risk have shown great success in retail settings. However, information about how to disseminate these programs to maximize uptake is largely unavailable, especially for small businesses. Surveys have shown that most small businesses have implemented very few to none of the standard evidence-based program recommendations on their own, but will choose more expensive and less effective methods of deterrence. Based on research currently being conducted by the study team, when offered a less expensive, evidence-based program, many business operators will either decline participation or show interest in the program and not comply with the recommendations. It is critical to identify effective methods of disseminating evidence-based program information to small business operators and to translate it into effective program implementation. The objectives of this proposed translational project are to identify barriers to implementation of an evidence- based robbery and violence prevention program among small retail businesses, and to develop approaches to overcome barriers and increase uptake of effective strategies. This will be accomplished by examining multiple levels of potential influence, including methods of program delivery; characteristics of the program materials; business operator attitudes and behaviors toward robbery prevention; and the role of social networks in building trust and motivation for program participation. The specific aims are to: (1) identify business operator preferences for the design, delivery and marketing of an evidence-based robbery and violence prevention program, (2) understand how business operators determine that they do not need to participate in such a program, and (3) examine the extent to which social networks can play a supportive role in influencing the behavior of business operators to participate and implement an evidence-based program recommendations. The proposed project builds on two NIOSH-funded studies where six police departments nationwide are disseminating an evidence-based program to small retail establishments at high risk for robbery and related crimes. In the proposed study, three populations of business operators, representing various phases of program participation and implementation, will be selected from three of the six department jurisdictions. Business operators will be interviewed using an instrument developed from social marketing, health behavior and social support network models. The purpose of the interviews is to identify factors that would influence business operator use of an evidence-based program, including the identification of social networks that may lend credibility and acceptability of the program, and therefore greater program uptake. Members of these social networks will then be convened for focus group interviews to identify how they may support outreach and recruitment efforts. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to address the aims. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Evidence-based programs to reduce robbery risk have shown great success in retail settings. However, information about how to disseminate these programs to maximize uptake is largely unavailable, especially for small businesses. The proposed project is a critical next step to identify how evidence-based robbery and violence prevention strategies can be successfully disseminated to small businesses, which traditionally have limited or no access to occupational health and safety programs.