Multi-method Assessment of Affective and Situational Antecedents of Marijuana Use

描述（由申请人提供）：大麻是美国和国际上最常用的非法药物，目前美国近三分之一的大麻使用者患有大麻使用障碍（MUD）。因此，确定当前使用者中与大麻使用有关的个体差异因素具有重要的公共卫生意义。其中一个个体差异因素就是社交焦虑。社交焦虑障碍（SAD）是一种以害怕在社交场合被审视为特征的障碍，被认为是大麻使用的风险和维持因素。本提案旨在实现探索性/发展性赠款（R21）方案的目标，即鼓励创新、探索性和发展性研究，这些研究的成果有望推动有关预防和治疗MUD的健康相关研究。具体来说，拟议的R21概述了一种新的方法来理解大麻使用的脆弱性，通过在一系列两项研究中使用多方法的方法，检查有或没有大麻相关问题（SAD）心理脆弱性的个体中大麻使用的生理，认知和情感前因。在研究1中，大麻渴望的前因将在受控的实验室条件下使用社交焦虑操纵范式进行检验。如果社交焦虑是使用大麻来控制焦虑反应的一个风险因素，那么随之而来的是，状态社交焦虑的升高应该会引发对大麻的渴望，尤其是在那些患有SAD的人中。我们将通过诱导状态社交焦虑来检验这一假设，并检验自我报告的焦虑和生理唤醒的增加是否预示着大麻渴望的增加。此外，参与者将在经历焦虑引起的渴望时提供使用大麻的理由。在研究2中，生态瞬间评估（EMA）将用于检查大麻使用的自然前因，并评估(1)社交焦虑情境作为大麻使用风险因素的程度，(2)有和没有SAD的人使用大麻的情感、情境和认知前因。据信，多种方法的使用将提供关于大麻使用相关的情感、情境和认知变量的趋同和互补数据。例如，在实验室中检查状态社交焦虑和大麻之间的关系将使我们能够测试生理唤醒是否预测大麻渴望，而使用EMA允许收集有关现实生活中实际使用大麻的数据。拟议的研究将提供有关维持大麻使用的近端因素的重要信息，并阐明SAD和MUD之间未充分研究的关系。这些数据对大麻使用和MUD的预防和治疗具有直接的转化意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States and internationally and nearly one-third of current marijuana users in the U.S. suffer from a marijuana use disorder (MUD). Thus, identification of individual difference factors related to marijuana use among current users has important public health implications. One such individual difference factor is social anxiety. Social anxiety disorder (SAD), a disorder characterized by fear of scrutiny in social situations, is thought to serve as a risk and maintaining for marijuana use. The present proposal is designed to meet the objectives of the Exploratory/Developmental grants (R21) program to encourage innovative, exploratory and developmental research whose findings have promise to advance health-related research regarding the prevention and treatment of MUD. Specifically, the proposed R21 outlines a novel approach to understanding vulnerability to marijuana use by examining the physiological, cognitive, and emotional antecedents of marijuana use among individuals with and without an identified psychological vulnerability to marijuana-related problems (those with SAD) using a multi-method approach in a series of two studies. In Study 1, antecedents of marijuana craving will be examined under controlled laboratory conditions using a social anxiety manipulation paradigm. If social anxiety is a risk factor for using marijuana to manage anxious reactions, it follows that elevations in state social anxiety should elicit marijuana craving, particularly among those with SAD. We will test this hypothesis by inducing state social anxiety and examining whether increases in self-reported anxiety and physiological arousal predict increases in marijuana craving. Further, participants will provide reasons for marijuana use while experiencing anxiety- induced craving. In Study 2, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) will be used to examine the naturalistic antecedents of marijuana use and assess (1) the extent to which social anxiety-provoking situations serve as a risk factor for marijuana use and (2) the affective, situational, and cognitive antecedents of marijuana among those with and without SAD. It is believed that the use of multiple methodologies will provide convergent and complementary data regarding affective, situational, and cognitive variables related to marijuana use. For instance, examination of the relations between state social anxiety and marijuana in the laboratory will allow us to test whether physiological arousal predicts marijuana craving whereas using EMA allows for the collection of data regarding actual marijuana use in real-life situations. The proposed studies will provide important information regarding proximal factors that maintain marijuana use as well as shed light on the understudied relationship between SAD and MUD. Such data have direct, translational implications for the prevention and treatment of marijuana use and MUD. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States and internationally, with nearly one-third of users experiencing marijuana-related problems significant enough to warrant a diagnosis of marijuana use disorder (MUD). People with social anxiety disorder experience particular difficulty managing marijuana use. The present project uses state-of-the-art scientific methodology to study proximal factors related to marijuana use among those with and with SAD.