Malaria Vaccine: AMA1-C1

疟疾免疫学和疫苗学实验室（LMIV），前身为疟疾疫苗开发分支（MVDB），是NIAID的一个倡议，与DMID密切合作，以应对全球对疟疾疫苗的需求。LMIV的使命是通过免疫生物学和疫苗学的基础和临床研究，包括在宿主免疫反应背景下研究疟疾发病机制，发现和开发疟疾疫苗。为了支持这一使命，LMIV将开发新的检测方法和动物模型来评估候选疫苗。LMIV将保持一个灵活的基础设施，以便能够快速开发和评价新的疟疾候选疫苗。 一种无性的血液阶段疫苗将引起免疫反应，能够摧毁血液中的疟原虫或抑制疟原虫感染红细胞。在任何一种情况下，净效应都是减少或预防寄生虫负担，从而降低疾病的发病率、严重程度或并发症。这种疫苗将靶向血液阶段寄生虫蛋白，因为这些抗原在持续感染期间由寄生虫大量表达。它将为婴儿的后续感染准备免疫系统，或者它将增强幼儿已经存在但较弱的天然免疫力。此外，由多种抗原组成的疫苗将增加对疫苗的至少一种组分应答的个体的数量。包含多态性蛋白质的多个等位基因也将使寄生虫选择的免疫压力最小化，从而降低寄生虫突破的可能性。

The Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology (LMIV), formerly The Malaria Vaccine Development Branch (MVDB), is an NIAID initiative working in close collaboration with DMID to respond to the global need for vaccines against malaria. The mission of the LMIV is to discover and develop malaria vaccines through fundamental and clinical research in immunobiology and vaccinology, including investigations of malaria pathogenesis in the context of host immune responses. In support of this mission, the LMIV will develop new assays and animal models to assess vaccine candidates. LMIV will maintain a flexible infrastructure to permit rapid development and evaluation of new malaria vaccine candidates. An asexual blood-stage vaccine will elicit immune responses capable of either destroying malaria parasites in the blood stream or inhibiting parasites from infecting red blood cells. In either case, the net effect is to reduce or prevent burden of parasites and hence decrease the incidence, severity, or the complications of disease. Such a vaccine would target blood-stage parasite proteins since these antigens are abundantly expressed by parasites during persistent infections. It would act to prime the immune system for subsequent infection in infants or it would boost already present, yet weak, natural immunity in young children. Furthermore, a vaccine composed of multiple antigens will increase the number of individuals responding to at least one component of the vaccine. The inclusion of multiple alleles of polymorphic proteins would also minimize immune pressure on parasite selection, thus decreasing the likelihood of parasite breakthrough.