Parenting style as a mediator of psychosocial risk factors and childhood externalizing behaviour problems

必须为外化障碍儿童（如对立障碍、注意缺陷秩序和行为障碍）制定和评估有效的干预措施。这些问题在社区中普遍存在，儿童的预后很差，外部性问题在同一家庭中代代相传。儿童外化问题也是社会上代价最高的行为障碍之一。许多研究调查了年龄较大的儿童和青少年外化问题的性质和过程。然而，在学龄前和学龄儿童中，很少有人注意到外化障碍的早期发作。虽然家庭风险因素（如婚姻不和和母亲抑郁）、父母管理方式和儿童行为问题之间的关系得到广泛认可，但这些关系的确切性质和方向在很大程度上仍然未知。这一建议将提供有关家庭风险因素（如婚姻不和或父母痛苦）通过其对父母行为管理技术的影响来影响幼儿外化问题的发生和持续的机制的新信息。这些信息可以用来指导有外化行为问题风险的儿童的父母和家庭的早期干预工作。

It is imperative that effective interventions be developed and evaluated for children with externalising disorders (e.g. oppositional disorder, attention deficit order and conduct disorder). The prevalence of these problems in the community is high, the prognosis of children is poor, and externalising problems are passed on across successive generations in the same family. Childhood externalising problems are also one of the most costly behavioural disorders for society. Many studies have examined the nature and course of externalising problems in older children and adolescents. However, little attention has been paid to the early onset of externalising disorders amongst preschool and early school-age children. Whilst the relationships between family risk factors (e.g. marital discord and maternal depression), parental management styles and children's behaviour problems are widely recognised, the exact nature and direction of these relationships remains largely unknown. This proposal will provide new information about the mechanism through which family risk factors such as marital discord or parental distress influence the onset and persistence of externalising problems in young children, via their effects on parents' behaviour management techniques. This information can then be used to instruct early intervention efforts for parents and families of children at risk of developing externalising behaviour problems.