Atmosphere-surface CO2 exchange in arctic coastal marine environments

了解极地海洋和大气之间的二氧化碳通量对于评估潜在的温室气体强迫和其他气候反馈非常重要。准确描述海洋、冰和大气系统的通量和缓解特性是至关重要的，这样才能获得准确的二氧化碳预算。该计划旨在描述极地海洋表面和沿海、河口和陆架环境中二氧化碳的交换过程，并评估和改进我们利用现有卫星观测估计二氧化碳海-气交换的能力。我们要求提供支持，以支持在五年内获取巴芬湾沿海海面上独特的海-气通量数据。加拿大北极群岛、哈德逊湾和格陵兰东海岸。气体通量的测量将使用涡旋相关法，主要来自冰基塔楼，但也可以进行基于船舶的观测。描述雪、海冰和上层水柱的物理和化学性质的基本数据也将被收集，有关相关生物的一般信息将通过合作获得。测量计划将强调这些性质与大气通量之间随意关系的表征，因此将允许验证和开发参数，并将促进我们对物理气候系统、二氧化碳交换和基本地球物理之间关系的理解，海冰和海洋的生物地球化学和生物学特性，以及气体交换的运动学。这些数据将在CCGS Amundsen的几次巡航期间和从冰站获得无冰海洋表面的数据。作为ArcticNet的一部分，这项工作将以背负模式进行，因此也将获得有关气象的辅助信息(风速、气温、海面温度和盐度、湿度、云量、雷暴探测仪等)。和小气候(辐射场，热量收支)将是可用的。

Understanding the flux of CO2 between the polar oceans and atmosphere is important for assessing potential greenhouse gas forcing and other climate feedbacks.  Accurate descriptions of the fluxes and mitigating properties of the ocean, ice and atmosphere system are critical so that accurate CO2 budgets may be attained.  This programme seeks to provide a description of process whereby CO2 is exchanged between polar marine surfaces and the atmosphere over coastal shore, estuary and shelf environments and to evaluate and refine our ability to estimate the air-sea exchange of CO2 using currently available satellite observations.  Support is requested to support the acquisition of unique air-sea flux data over five years over coastal marine surfaces in Baffin Bay, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Hudson Bay and the east coast of Greenland.  Measurements of the gas flux will be made using eddy correlation, largely from ice-based towers, although ship-based observations will also be available.  Data describing the physical and chemical properties of the snow, sea ice and upper water column will also be collected and general information on associated biology will be available through collaborations.  The measurement program will emphasize the characterization of casual relationships between these properties and the atmospheric flux, and therefore will permit the verification and development of parameterizations, and will forward our understanding on the relationships between the physical climate system, CO2 exchange and basic geophysical, biogeochemical and biological properties of the sea ice and ocean, as well as the kinematics of the gas exchange.  The data will be obtained over ice-free marine surfaces during several cruises of the CCGS Amundsen and from ice stations.  The work will be done in 'piggy-back' mode, as part of ArcticNet, and therefore ancillary information on meteorology (wind speed, air temperature, sea surface temperature and salinity, humidity, cloud cover, rawinsondes, etc.) and microclimate (radiation fields, heat budget) will be available.