Synthetic toll-like receptor 4 ligands: synthesis and biochemical investigation of pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid As and analogues

宿主免疫反应大致分为两大类：先天免疫反应和适应性免疫反应。先天免疫反应提供了抵御微生物感染的第一道防线，并指导适当的适应性反应的发展以清除感染。在免疫紊乱的情况下，不适当的先天免疫激活导致炎症反应，使宿主不堪重负，并对宿主造成损害。先天免疫激活是由toll样受体4等蛋白受体介导的。能够与这些受体相互作用的分子在提供治疗感染性休克、细菌感染和癌症等疾病的新型免疫疗法方面具有很大的前景。

Host immune responses are broadly divided into two branches: innate immune response and adaptive immune response. The innate immune response provides the first line defense against microbial infections and also guides the development of an appropriate adaptive response to clear the infection. In the case of immune disorders, inappropriate innate immune activation results in inflammatory responses that overwhelm the host and cause damages to the host. Innate immune activation is mediated by protein receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4. Molecules capable of interacting with these receptors hold great promise in delivering novel immuno-therapeutics for the treatment of diseases such as septic shock, bacterial infection, and cancers.