Integration of energy storage in distribution secondary networks to enable high-depth of penetration of distribution generation

气候变化问题、与中央发电厂相关的环境问题、能源成本的波动、电力公用事业行业的放松管制、对资源多样性的需求以及有利的政府能源政策已经导致了用于以分布式发电（DG）单元的形式集成在公用电网基础设施中的各种类型的替代和可再生能源的出现和商业可行性。DG单元是相对小尺寸的单元，例如住宅屋顶太阳能光伏（PV）单元。未来全球对可持续能源和能源效率技术的投资，特别是在发达国家，有相当一部分直接与这种DG装置在可再生电力输送基础设施中的高度集成潜力有关，并受到其影响。这项研究是为了促进高深度的DG单位在公用电网的渗透。DG单元集成的一个选择是在配电二次网络中。二次配电网在公用事业配电系统和大城市（例如多伦多市）的中心（市中心）区域中的电力终端用户之间提供电连接。二次配电网在设计上只允许从一次公用电网到二次配电网的单向电力流。该技术特征显著地限制了可以集成在由二次网络供电的住宅单元中的DG单元的数量。从而限制了DG单元（例如住宅太阳能光伏单元）的集成和利用水平。本研究的主要目的是克服这一技术限制，使二次网络，以适应高深度集成的DG单元。为了实现这一目标，我们将研究新技术在公用事业级存储系统和先进的控制策略，配电系统的利用。

Climate change issues, environmental concerns associated with the central power plants, volatility of energy cost, deregulation of the electric utility industry, the need for resource diversity, and favorable governments' energy policies have resulted in emergence and commercial viability of various types of alternative and renewable energy resources for integration in the utility power grid infrastructure in the form of distributed generation (DG) units. A DG unit is a relatively small-size unit, such as a residential roof-top solar photovoltaic (PV) unit. A considerable portion of future global investment in sustainable energy and energy efficiency technologies, specifically in developed countries, are directly linked to and impacted by the potential for high-depth of integration of such DG units in the exisiting electric power delivery infrastructure. This research is to facilitate high-depth of penetration of DG units in utility grids. One of the options for integration of DG units is in the distribution secondary networks. A secondary distribution network provides electrical connection between the utility distribution system and the electric power end users in the central (downtown) areas of large cities, such as the city of Toronto. A secondary distribution network, by design, permits only unidirectional electric power flow from the primary utility grid to the secondary network. This technical characteristic significantly limits the number of DG units that can be integrated in residential units that are supplied by the secondary network. Thus limits the level of integration and utilization of DG units, such as residential solar-PV units. This main objective of this research is to overcome this technical limitation and enable the secondary network to accommodate high-depth of integration of DG units. To achieve the objective, we will investigate utilization of new technologies in utility grade storage systems and advanced control strategies for power distribution systems.