Nanostructured surfaces: growth processes and patterns, new electronic and optical materials

固体中电子的量子理论最初是使用具有完全三维对称性的高纯度单晶进行测试的。随后，贝尔实验室的Cho和亚瑟开发了一种称为分子束外延的方法，用于生长多层材料。对这些二维系统中电子运动的研究导致了新物理学的发现，包括量子霍尔效应，分数量子霍尔效应和巨磁阻。在原子和分子水平上控制材料结构的挑战性问题现在正在得到解决。新兴的纳米结构学领域的主要目标是将单个原子和分子组装成具有定制的电子，光学和磁性的新型结构体系。在该提案中，将开发新的方法，用于使用通常用于制造电子器件（Si和Ge）和有机发光器件（有机硼和卟啉）的材料组装新型纳米结构表面。这些项目将使新一代科学家能够接受电子和光学材料生长方面的培训。我们将使用分子束外延和自组装方法在石墨烯晶体结构中生长Ge和Si的二维原子晶体。这些结构多晶型物将具有新颖的电子性质。单分子发光光谱学将被用于开发具有高发光效率的发光薄膜的稳健的新方法。新的方法，最近开发的在我的小组，用于组装分子晶格在Si表面上使用强共价结合和空间位阻将扩展到创建新的结构有序的有机/无机界面。还将在模型系统中进行畴生长的原子研究，以深入了解高质量电子材料生长的机制。这些研究将为如何使用原子和分子尺度的结构控制来定制光学和电子材料特性提供基本的见解。

The quantum theory of electrons in solids was initially tested using high-purity single crystals that have full three-dimensional symmetry. Subsequently, Cho and Arthur of Bell Laboratories developed a method, called molecular beam epitaxy, for growing multilayer materials. The study of electron motion in these two-dimensional systems led to the discovery of new physics that included the quantum hall effect, the fractional quantum hall effect and giant magnetoresistance. The challenging problem of controlling the architecture of materials at the atomic and molecular level is now being addressed. The primary aim of the emerging field of nano-architectonics is to assemble individual atoms and molecules into novel structural architectures that have tailored electronic, optical and magnetic properties. In this proposal, new methodologies will be developed for assembling novel nano-structured surfaces using materials commonly used to make electronic devices (Si and Ge) and organic light emitting devices (organoborons and porphyrins). These projects will allow a new generation of scientists to be trained in electronic and optical material growth. We will use molecular beam epitaxy and self-assembly methods to grow two-dimensional atomic crystals of Ge and Si, in the graphene crystal structure. These structural polymorphs will have novel electronic properties. Single molecule luminescence spectroscopy will be used to develop robust new methods for fabricating luminescent thin films with high luminescent efficiency. New methodologies, recently developed in my group, for assembling molecular lattices on Si surfaces using strong covalent binding and steric hindrance will be extended to create new structurally ordered organic/inorganic interfaces. Atomistic studies of domain growth will also be performed in a model system to gain insight into the mechanisms by which high-quality electronic materials can be grown. These studies will provide fundamental insight into how optical and electronic material properties can be tailored using atomic and molecular-scale structural control.