Aqueous phase reforming of biomass-derived carbohydrates, ethanol and glycerol for H2 generation with minimized CO formation for fuel cell applications.

随着人们对温室气体排放的日益关注，质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的快速发展及其在氢燃料电池汽车(HFCV)中的应用，利用生物可再生资源生产氢气的研究得到了极大的推动。由于氢气密度极低，高频CVs商业化和市场批准面临的最大挑战是氢气储存。近年来，通过生物可再生资源的催化蒸汽重整在船上产生氢气越来越引起人们的兴趣，而与现有的在高温(&gt；600-800°C)下运行的蒸汽重整工艺相关的主要问题是能源成本和烷烃/焦油/焦炭/一氧化碳的有害副产物的形成。由于一氧化碳与铂的强烈亲和力，燃料电池中一氧化碳(CO)的存在会堵塞活性表面，从而使燃料电池单元中的铂电极失活。拟议的研究计划旨在低温(&lt；350℃)下从葡萄糖、乙醇和甘油(生物柴油工业的副产品)中产生最低限度的CO生成(&lt；50ppm)的氢气。通过采用新的催化两步法，葡萄糖或乙醇或甘油将在第一个反应器中在水相中气化成富氢气体产品，该反应器在250-350℃/150bar的条件下运行。出水将被进一步引入后续反应器，在200-300°C/15bar的条件下运行，使用不同的催化剂将CO转化为CO2和H2。提纯后的氢气可用于质子交换膜燃料电池。因此，该研究计划的预期结果将是开发使用可再生燃料电池应用的车载制氢技术。加拿大是一个在生物经济和燃料电池技术发展方面处于世界领先地位的国家，拥有丰富的林业和农业残渣形式的生物质资源。该研究项目的成功将加强加拿大在生物经济和燃料电池技术发展方面的领先地位，并将为加拿大和其他地区带来显著的环境和经济效益。

Research on the production of hydrogen from bio-renewable resources has been greatly catalyzed by the increasing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions, and the rapid development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as well as its application to hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs). The greatest challenge for the commercialization and market approval of HFCVs is hydrogen storage owing to the extremely low density of H2. On-board generation of hydrogen by catalytic steam reforming of bio-renewable resources has attracted increasing interest in recent years, while the main issues related the existing steam reforming processes, operating at a high temperature (>600-800°C), are the energy costs and the formation of the detrimental by-products of alkanes/tar/char/carbon monoxide. The presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the fuel gas would deactivate the platinum-electrode in the fuel cell unit by blocking the active surface due to the strong affinity of CO to platinum. The proposed research program aims to generate hydrogen with minimized CO formation (<50 ppm) from glucose, ethanol and glycerol (a byproduct of bio-diesel industry) at low temperatures (<350°C). By employing a novel catalytic two-step process, glucose or ethanol or glycerol will be gasified into a hydro-rich gas product in aqueous phase in the first reactor operating at 250-350°C/150 bar with catalysts. The effluent will be further introduced into the subsequent reactor operating at 200-300°C/15 bar with different catalysts to shift CO to CO2 and H2. After purification, the hydrogen stream may be used for PEMFCs. An expected outcome from the research program will thus be the development of on-board hydrogen generation technologies using renewable feedstock for fuel cell applications. Canada is a country that holds a world-leading position in the development of bio-economy and fuel cell technologies, and is blessed with abundant biomass resources in the forms of forestry and agricultural residues. The success of this research program would strengthen Canada's leading position in the development of bio-economy and fuel cell technologies, and would yield significant environmental and economic benefits to Canada and beyond.