Genomic selection and association mapping of Atlantic salmon populations

水产养殖现在生产了加拿大人消费的所有大西洋三文鱼，并有相当数量的三文鱼用于出口。然而，疾病是影响该行业可持续性和盈利能力的主要制约因素。最重要的是海洋养殖种群中的疾病。疾病通过库存损失对农场收入产生直接影响，通过影响消费者需求产生间接影响。例如，一些消费者不愿购买养殖三文鱼，因为他们认为这会支持一个助长野生三文鱼种群疾病和寄生虫的行业。幸运的是，通过使用一种名为基因组选择的新动物育种方法，可以大大提高抗病等功能性状的遗传改进率。这项技术使用数千个“SNP”遗传标记来确定抗病家庭产生的后代中哪些继承了抗病等位基因。对圭尔夫大学的奶牛进行的研究表明，这项技术提高了每代人对只能在潜在饲养者的亲属中衡量的特征的选择反应。与新不伦瑞克库克水产养殖公司目前使用的常规育种计划相比，我们正在提议测试基因组选择是否可以提高海水中的生长速度、快速适应海水、抗病和延迟性成熟。我们预计，我们将在三年内完成这一目标，使用过去四年来从亲鱼及其全同胞近亲那里收集的DNA样本和估计育种价值(EVB)，以及它们在海水养殖场网箱中收获的后代的表现。然后，我们可以预测利用基因组选择产生的重要经济性状的遗传变化，并将其与当前的选择计划进行比较。抗病能力将通过在检疫实验室中对POST SMALS的挑战来确定

Aquaculture now produces all the Atlantic salmon consumed by Canadians and a significant amount for export. However, disease is a major constraint affecting the sustainability and profitability of this industry. Foremost is disease in marine farmed stock. Disease has a direct impact on farm income through inventory losses and an indirect impact by influencing consumer demand. For example, some consumers are reluctant to buy farmed salmon because they believe they would be supporting an industry which is contributing to disease and parasitism in wild salmon stocks. Fortunately the rate of genetic improvement for functional traits such as disease resistance can be greatly improved by using a new method of animal breeding called genomic selection. This technique uses thousands of "SNP" genetic markers to determine which of the offspring produced by a disease-resistant family have inherited the disease-resistant alleles. Research using dairy bulls at the University of Guelph has shown that this technique increases the response to selection per generation per dollar spent for traits that can only be measured in the relatives of potential breeders. We are proposing to test whether genomic selection can improve growth rate in saltwater, rapid adaptation to seawater, disease resistance and delay sexual maturity relative to a conventional breeding program currently used at Cooke Aquaculture Inc. in New Brunswick. We anticipate that we accomplish this within a three year period using DNA samples and estimated breeding values (EVB) archived over a four year period from past broodstock and their full sib relatives, as well as the performance of their harvested offspring in seawater farm cages. We can then predict genetic changes in economically important traits that would accrue from the use of genomic selection, and compare this to current selection programs. Disease resistance will be determined by challenge of post smolts in the quarantine lab at