Efficiency of protein deposition and amino acid utilization as key factors for improving feed efficiency, economical and environmental sustainability of rainbow trout culture

加拿大和法国鳟鱼养殖业务的可持续性在很大程度上取决于这些企业能够在多大程度上提高生产率，将昂贵和不断变化的饲料投入转化为可销售的产品，并减少其废物产出和环境足迹。饲料资源转化为鱼类生物量的效率（饲料效率、FE、生物量增重/所喂饲料）对鱼类养殖作业的生产成本和废物产出量有重大影响。研究和模型模拟揭示了蛋白质沉积对虹鳟鱼生长和饲料效率的决定作用。虹鳟鱼的体蛋白增加和蛋白质利用效率的总体效率（蛋白质增益/蛋白质摄入量）因活重、遗传背景或饲料组成而有很大差异。尽管对鱼类的蛋白质和氨基酸营养进行了大量的研究，但我们对蛋白质沉积的决定因素和蛋白质利用效率的了解相对有限。最近由inra科学家鉴定的虹鳟鱼株系显示出一致的FE遗传变异，以及圭尔夫大学的研究人员对虹鳟鱼整个生命周期中FE变化和蛋白质利用效率的表征，为研究鱼类蛋白质利用效率的调节机制提供了有趣和新颖的模型。该项目将利用法国和加拿大两个合作研究小组的互补专业知识。它将包括三个互补的任务：1)动物饲养研究和表型反应的高级数学和统计分析；2)蛋白质利用效率的分子和细胞机制的精细分析；3)生产管理工具的开发。这种综合方法将产生新的科学知识，并有助于开发成本效益高、环境友好的水产养殖生产技术。

The sustainabilityof trout culture operations in Canada and France is highlydependent on how well these enterprises can improve their productivityand conversion of expensive and changing feed inputs into a marketable product, and reduce their waste outputs and environmental footprint.The efficiencyof conversion of feed resources into fish biomass (feed efficiency, FE, biomass gain/ feed served) has a significant impact on production cost and waste outputs of fish culture operations. Studies and model simulations have revealed the determinant effect of protein deposition on growth and feed efficiencyof rainbow trout. Bodyprotein accretion and overall efficiencyof protein utilization efficiency(protein gain/protein intake) varyconsiderablydepending upon live weight, genetic background or diet composition in rainbow trout. Despite a considerable number of studies on protein and amino acid nutrition of fish, our understanding of the determinants of protein deposition and efficiencyof protein utilization is relatively limited. The recent identification byINRA scientists of rainbow trout strains showing consistent genetic variation in FE and the characterization of changes in FE and efficiencyof protein utilization of rainbow trout throughout their life cycle byresearchers at the Universityof Guelph offer interesting and novel models for studying the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the efficiencyof protein utilization in fish. The project will make use of the complementaryexpertise of two partnering research groups in France and Canada. It will involves three complementarytasks comprised of 1) animal feeding studies and advanced mathematical and statistical analysis of the phenotypic responses, 2) fine analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the efficiencyof protein utilization and 3) development of production management tools. This combined approach will generate new scientific knowledge and contribute to the development of cost-effective, environmentallyfriendlyaquaculture production technologies.