River ice mechanics and processes

本研究旨在（1）通过现场工作、实验室调查和数值模拟，为大坝冰荷载设计标准的发展做出贡献。这种需求是迫切的，因为数据表明，许多加拿大大坝设计不足，因此不稳定。(2)为了量化的浓度，粒度分布，过程，特别是，热含量frazil冰在圣劳伦斯河。这一需求是迫切的，因为随着气候变暖，冰碛冰正在增加，需要指导方针来指导船舶在失去导航控制之前进行修改（现在正在发生的是船舶的进水口被冰碛堵塞）导致灾难性事件。(3)继续量化流域的冰冻连续性。我们已经表明，动态冰过程（包括冰坝）发挥主导作用的水位，流量，质量和栖息地在小河流。随着气候变化，这些过程需要进一步量化，因为它们对道路、桥梁和水力发电效率的影响很大。

This research aims to (1) contribute towards the development of design criteria for ice loads on dams through fieldwork, laboratory investigations and numerical modelling. The need is desperate because the data suggests that many Canadian dams are under-designed and therefore unstable. (2) To quantify the concentration, particle size distribution, processes and, particularly, the heat content frazil ice on the St. Lawrence River. The need is immediate since frazil ice is increasing as the climate warms and guidelines are required to dictate ship modifications before the loss of navigation control (that is now occurring by ships whose intakes are being blocked by frazil) leads to a catastrophic incident. (3) To continue quantifying the cryological continuum of watersheds. We have shown that dynamic ice processes (including ice dams) play the dominant role in water levels, flow rates, quality and habitat in small stream. These processes need further quantifying as our climate changes since their impacts on road, bridge and hydro-electric power efficiency are significant.