Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying single-cell C4 photosynthesis in Chenopodiaceae species

光合生物进行光合作用，这是一个将二氧化碳转化为所有生命形式所使用的碳水化合物的过程。陆地植物使用C3、C4或景天科酸代谢（CAM）光合途径，其中C4和CAM在CO2受限的条件下更有效。多年来，人们一直认为所有C4植物必须具有一种称为Kranz解剖学的特征，由两种功能和结构不同的光合细胞类型组成。当三种陆生植物被发现在单个光合细胞中进行C4途径时，这种Kranz范式受到了挑战。这些物种进行C4光合作用的细胞器和关键酶在两个独立的分区。这些有趣的物种作为理想的模型系统，以检查调节复杂的结构和生物化学极性在一个单一的植物细胞的发展的调节因子。

Photosynthetic organisms perform photosynthesis, a process that converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrates that are used by all life forms. Land plants use C3, C4 or Crassulacean acid metabolic (CAM) photosynthetic pathway with C4 and CAM being more efficient under conditions where CO2 becomes limiting. For many years, it has been accepted that all C4 plants must have a feature called Kranz anatomy consisting of two functionally and structurally distinct photosynthetic cell types. This Kranz paradigm was challenged when three terrestrial plants were found to perform the C4 pathway within individual photosynthetic cells. These species perform C4 photosynthesis by partitioning of organelles and key enzymes in two separate compartments. These interesting species serve as ideal model systems to examine the regulatory factors regulating the development of complex structural and biochemical polarity in a single plant cell.