Rapid mapping, monitoring and tracking-Development of low-cost unmanned aerial mapping system (UAMS)

人们不断要求减少从空中和空间传感器获得的地理数据生成地理信息所需的时间和成本。对于应急响应、消防、交通和环境监测等条件、事件和现象在空间和时间上不断变化的情况，获取和处理时间变得至关重要。快速测绘、监测和跟踪系统和技术的提供将有助于减少这一“等待时间”，因为它将提供必要的数据和信息，以支持及时作出基于知识的决策。这项研究提出了一种方法，旨在通过开发携带成像和测距传感器的灵活的空中平台以及开发映射、变化检测和跟踪的方法来减少捕获和处理时间。航空数据收集仍然是在一个地区获得更好的视角和覆盖范围的一种方式，而且也有能力在灵活的访问时间进行有针对性的覆盖。传统的航空调查有一定的局限性，如高昂的动员成本和飞行限制。新出现的低成本无人机(UAV)将用于开发无人驾驶航空测绘系统(UAMS)，该系统包括配备GPS/INS导航系统的航空器，以及静止、视频摄像机和激光雷达等成像和测距传感器。将开发从UAMS获得的数据中提取度量和专题地理信息的方法和技术。监测和跟踪研究将涉及在变化检测的估计过程中整合现有数据和信息，并利用视频图像序列监测和跟踪快速发生的时空事件/现象。预计这项研究的结果将有助于应急响应、环境监测、生态系统监测、灭火、搜救行动和交通监测等时间紧迫的行动。它们还将支持面向应用的地图绘制，如管道监控和精准农业。

There is a continuous demand for reducing the time and cost required to generate geo-information from geo-data acquired from air-and space-borne sensors. The acquisition and processing time is becoming critical for situations, such as emergency response, fire fighting, traffic and environmental monitoring, where the conditions, events and phenomena are continuously changing in space and time. The availability of rapid mapping, monitoring and tracking systems and technology will contribute to reducing this "waiting-time" by providing the required data and information to support on-time knowledge-based decision-making. This research proposes an approach aiming to reduce both the acquisition and processing time by developing a flexible aerial platform carrying imaging and ranging sensors and by developing methods for mapping, change detection and tracking. Aerial data collection is still a way to obtain better perspective and coverage over an area and also has the ability for targeted coverage at flexible visiting times. Traditional air-surveys have certain limitations, such as high mobilization costs and flight restrictions. The emerging low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) will be used to develop an unmanned aerial mapping system (UAMS), consisting of the aerial vehicle equipped with GPS/INS navigation systems coupled with imaging and ranging sensors, such as still and video camera and LIDAR. Methods and technology will be developed to extract metric and thematic geo-information from the UAMS acquired data. Monitoring and tracking research will involve the integration of existing data and information in the estimation process for change detection and the use of video image sequence to monitor and track fast-occurring spatio-temporal events/phenomena. The results of this research are expected to contribute to time-critical operations such as emergency response, environmental monitoring, ecosystems monitoring, fire fighting, search and rescue operations, and traffic monitoring. They will also support application oriented mapping, such as pipeline monitoring and precision farming.