Modelling and analysis of power and energy conversion systems

今天，电力系统继续变得越来越重要。电机和电力电子更深入地渗透到现代生活的方方面面，广泛应用于大型电网、工业过程、汽车/交通行业、家用电器等。世界各地控制中心和研究设施的数千名工程师正在全职开发模型和进行各种电网场景的研究。复杂的计算机模型用于电网运行、规划目的、各种可再生能源和系统的设计和集成等。在典型应用中，这些模型用于模拟具有各种控制目标的时域暂态研究和/或小信号分析。由于模型被工程师和研究人员多次使用(通常在设计周期内迭代)，因此模型的精度和数值效率(模拟时间)都非常重要。即使模拟速度略有提高，也会在全球范围内显著节省工程人员的工时。然而，在可实际建模的系统的仿真速度和大小方面，旋转电机和电力电子元件的模型通常是限制瓶颈。加拿大在开发最先进的解决办法和计算机化工具方面一直处于领先地位，使各种规模的电力系统得以设计和运行。电磁暂态程序(EMTP)，如ATP、Microtran、EMTP-RV、PSCAD、RTDS、RT-Lab和MatLab的SimPowerSystems，以及Powertech Labs的暂态稳定软件DSATools等，都是由加拿大研究人员发起和/或开发的，现在作为行业标准工具在世界各地被压倒性地使用。这项拟议的研究延续了UBC长期以来推进电力系统分析和仿真工具的传统。这一研究计划的重点是为EMTP类型和基于状态变量的程序(包括暂态稳定工具)开发计算效率最高和最先进的旋转电机和电力电子转换器模型。我们正在开发先进的同步和感应电机模型，以实现恒定参数接口电路(和恒定导子矩阵)，并避免传统qd0模型的局限性和数值不稳定性。我们还在开发一种革命性的参数方法，用于构建开关转换器和机器-转换器系统的动态平均值模型。这样的模型可能会自动生成，并在许多工业级软件工具中实现。让平均值模型随时可用，将对工程师和研究人员如何使用模拟工具产生巨大影响。拟议的研究将使下一代用于实时和非实时的暂态仿真工具具有新的功能和更广泛的应用范围，能够更快地对大规模系统进行仿真。这些工具对于实现将现有的集中式电网与分散的微电网以及替代能源和存储的要素相结合的新模式至关重要，这些要素共同定义了不断发展的未来智能电网。

Electrical energy systems today continue to gain importance. Electrical machines and power electronics penetrate deeper into all aspects of modern life, and are widely used in large-scale power grids, industrial processes, the automotive/transportation industry, home appliances, etc. Thousands of engineers in control centers and research facilities around the world are working full-time developing models and conducting studies of various grid scenarios. Sophisticated computer models are used for operation of electric grids, planning purposes, design and integration of various renewable energy sources and systems, etc. In typical applications, the models are used for simulating time-domain transient studies and/or small-signal analysis with various control objectives. Since the models are used by engineers and researchers many times (often iteratively during the design cycle), both the model accuracy and numerical efficiency (simulation time) are very important. Even a fractional increase in simulation speed will result in very significant savings of engineering man-hours world-wide. However, models of rotating electrical machines and power electronic components are typically the limiting bottleneck in terms of simulation speed and size of systems that can be practically modelled. Canada has been a leader in developing the state-of-the-art solution approaches and computerized tools that enable design and operation of electric power systems of various scales. The electromagnetic transient programs (EMTP), e.g. ATP, Microtran, EMTP-RV, PSCAD, RTDS, RT-Lab, and the Matlab’s SimPowerSystems, and Powertech Labs’ transient stability software DSATools, to name a few, all have originated and/or have been developed by Canadian researchers and are now overwhelmingly used throughout the world as industry-standard tools. The proposed research continues UBC’s long-time tradition of advancing the power systems analysis and simulation tools. The particular focus of this research program is on developing the most computationally efficient and advanced models of rotating electrical machines and power electronic converters for the EMTP-type and state-variable-based programs (including transient stability tools). We are developing advanced synchronous and induction machines models that achieve constant-parameter interfacing circuits (and constant conductance sub-matrix) and avoid the limitations and numerical instability of the traditional qd0-models. We are also developing a revolutionary parametric approach for constructing the dynamic average-value models of switching converters and machine-converter systems. Such models can potentially be automatically generated and realized in many industry-grade software tools. Making the average-value models readily available will have a tremendous impact on how the simulation tools are used by engineers and researchers. The proposed research will enable the next generation of transient simulation tools for real-time and non-real-time use with new capabilities and extended range of applications, capable of much faster simulations of large-scale systems. These tools are essential in enabling the new paradigms of combining the existing centralized electric grid with the elements of decentralized microgrids and alternative energy sources and storage, which together define the evolving future smart grid.