Wireless X-Ray dosimeter for blood sterilization

这笔赠款的目的是使低功率无线、无电池、片上系统、伽马/X射线辐射剂量计的研究和开发采用商业cmos技术，专门用于血袋照射。商业上可用的cmos工艺在辐照期间血袋的辐射剂量监测中的应用以前还没有被探索过。近年来，为了避免献血者将潜在的疾病传播给患者，以及避免受血者对血液的潜在抵抗力，人们在输血前对血袋进行了照射，这引起了人们的广泛关注。血袋的照射是通过伽马或X射线辐射源进行的。伽马辐射机由一个辐射安全屏蔽物组成，该屏蔽物含有半衰期为30.2年的放射源元素铯137。在机器内，一次可放置3或4个血袋进行照射，时间约为3至5分钟。基于X射线的血液照射机由X射线管等机械和电子设备组成，还可以同时照射3至5个血袋。根据政府和健康监测机构的说法，血袋的累积吸收辐射量必须在30到50格雷之间，才能认为它们可以安全输血。这项任务要求血袋照射制造商，如Best Theratronics和Best Medical Canada，有义务监控机器的性能，以确保正常运行。验证血袋正确剂量的最重要方法是使用放置在每个血袋上的指示器。该公司目前销售的血袋指示器利用纸状材料上的颜色变化，从白色变成蓝色，强度根据辐射量的变化而变化。这种观察总剂量的方法依赖于操作员的判断。卡尔顿大学的研究小组建议开发一种新型的无线无电池RFID标签解决方案，该解决方案可以监测并通过无线通信向接收器报告实时累积辐射剂量，从而使操作员能够确定袋子是否经过了令人满意的照射。

The purpose of this grant is to enable research and development of a low power wireless, battery-less, system-on-chip, gamma/X-ray radiation dosimeter in a commercial CMOS technology, specifically intended for blood bag irradiation. The application of a commercially available CMOS process in the radiation dose monitoring of blood bags during irradiation has not been previously explored. Recently, much attention has been focused on irradiating blood bags prior to transfusion to avoid transmitting potential diseases from donors to patients and also to avoid receiver's potential resistance to the blood. The irradiation of blood bags is done via gamma- or X-ray radiation sources. A gamma radiation machine consists of a radiation secure shielding which contains the radioactive source element Cesium 137 with a half life of 30.2 years. Within the machine, 3 or 4 blood bags can be placed at a time for irradiation for a period of around 3 to 5 minutes. The X-ray based blood irradiation machine consists of an X-ray tube and other mechanical and electronics devices and can also irradiate 3 to 5 blood bags at the same time. According to the government and health monitoring bodies, a cumulative absorbed radiation dose of between 30 to 50 Gray has to be given to blood bags to consider them safe for transfusion. This mandate obligates the blood bag irradiation manufacturers such as Best Theratronics and Best Medical Canada to monitor the performance of the machines to ensure proper operation. The most important way to verify the correct dose to the blood bags is via the use of indicators placed on each blood bag. The current indicator sold by the company on blood bags utilizes color change on a paper-like material which turns from white to a shade of blue and the intensity changes based on the amount of radiation. This method of observing total dose relies on operator's judgement. The research team at Carleton University proposes to develop a novel wireless battery-less RFID tag solution that monitors and through wireless communication reports the cumulative radiation dose live to a receiver which allows the operator to decide whether the bags have been irradiated satisfactorily or not.