Innovative Cooling Technologies Using Nanofluid/Nanosurface Heat Transfer Media

使用纳米纹理表面和纳米流体作为传热介质是热工水力学领域的一项新兴技术，可以使加拿大在太阳能-热能生产、更高效的建筑支持系统等能源技术领域受益匪浅，并提高天然气和核电厂等高能系统的安全水平。这些系统都采用某种形式的对流传热，其运行效率和安全性取决于这些排热机制。这项工作直接适用于这些能源系统和纳米技术领域，并利用了以前在纳米流体领域没有使用过的先进仪器。虽然已经进行了许多关于使用机械方法的传热增强的应用研究，甚至一些使用纳米流体，但是存在相对较少的系统研究，其中表面和纳米流体介质已经被同时研究或优化。在这有限的可用文献中，缺乏局部速度，温度场和气泡动力学的测量，然而，我们的一些工作表明，在两相流中的“沸腾危机”可以增加3倍。对大多数纳米流体沸腾研究的一般性回顾表明，结果存在很大的可变性，这可能是由于测试过程中纳米流体团聚、缺乏表面表征或控制或表征不佳的纳米分散体造成的。本研究的目的是了解改善纳米纹理表面和纳米流体中的传热的基本机制，并提供具有良好表征的颗粒和表面的高质量实验数据集。纳米流体冷却剂的进一步延伸是在医学同位素的潜在生产中。纳米分散体具有用于同位素生产的优异特性（小尺寸、大表面积和良好的分离特性），并且它们在核反应堆中的使用可以解决当今加拿大的许多同位素生产问题。为了理解和应用这项技术，我们将努力提供该领域迄今为止最高质量的实验数据。

The use of nano-textured surfaces and nanofluids as heat transfer media is an emerging technology in the field of thermalhydraulics and can significantly benefit Canada in the areas of energy technologies such as solar-thermal energy production, higher efficiency building support systems, and to provided increased levels of safety in high energy systems such as natural gas and nuclear power plants. These systems all employ some form of convective heat transfer and their operational efficiency and safety are dependent on these heat removal mechanisms. This work is directly applicable to these energy systems and to the field of nanotechnology and makes use of advanced instrumentation not previously used in the field of nanofluids. While much applied research on heat transfer enhancement using mechanical methods has been performed, and even some using nanofluids, relatively few systematic studies exist wherein the surface and nanofluid media have been simultaneously studied or optimized. Within this limited available literature the measurement of local velocity, temperature fields and bubble dynamics are lacking however, some of our work indicates that the "boiling crises" in two-phase flow can be increased 3-fold. A general review of most nanofluid boiling research shows that there is a large variability in outcomes which may result from nanofluid agglomeration during testing, lack of surface characterization or control, or poorly characterized nano-dispersions. The objective of this research is to understand the fundamental mechanisms which improve the heat transfer in nano-textured surfaces and nanofluids and provide a high quality set of experimental data with well characterized particles and surfaces. A further extension of nanofluid coolants is in the potential production of medical isotopes. Nano-dispersions have excellent characteristics (small size, large surface areas, and good separation characteristics) for isotope production, and their use in nuclear reactors could solve many of the isotope production problems in Canada today. In order to understand and apply this technology, we will endeavour to provide the highest quality experimental data in this field to date.