Mathematical population genetics and evolutionary games

本研究是针对各种群体遗传学和群体动力学模型和伴随的进化和生态的观点。长期目标是：a)描述和解释观察到的生物多样性；B)发展数学、统计和计算方法，分析人口结构，并对有关参数或假设作出推论；C)推断可能由选择、迁移、随机漂变、突变和重组产生的进化原理；d)纳入个体之间和种群之间复杂相互作用的影响。今后5年，重点开展以下几项工作：重组的进化。凝聚理论最近的一个惊人的应用是鉴定重组热点，染色体在减数分裂期间更有可能断裂。需要理论研究来解决它们的进化问题及其对遗传变异的影响。2. 系统发育树的祖先过程。从全基因组数据中重建人类迁徙历史和不同物种的系统发育，更不用说古代物种的重组图谱，是当今统计遗传学最重要的挑战。这需要更好地理解多物种合并和新的祖先型方法的出生和死亡过程。3. 公共产品游戏合作。进化博弈论最近在公共产品博弈的实验中获得了很多兴趣，并引入了有利于结构化群体中合作进化的条件。生殖价值、配偶选择和代际关系的作用至今大多被忽视。它们有望启发与互惠相关的关键进化问题。4. 博弈动力学中的包容适应度理论。在年龄结构的人群中，健康和生殖价值的正确定义是一个有争议的话题。在亲属之间的相互作用下，为了解决争论，必须在这种背景下解决包容性适应度方法的有效性。重组项目与生物学的一个核心问题有关，即性别的进化，这个问题仍然令人困惑。至于多物种融合，“系统发育领域正在进入一个新的时代，在这个时代，物种之间的历史关系树越来越多地从多位点和基因组数据中推断出来”（Degnan和Rosenberg 2009）。另一方面，考虑到当代环境问题，共同利益博弈中个体或物种相互作用的合作进化具有重要意义。最后，包容适应度理论在行为生态学中得到了广泛的应用。它与费雪的自然选择基本定理有关，后者的意义在种群遗传学中仍被热烈讨论。

This research is directed towards a variety of population genetics and population dynamics models and the concomitant evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The long-term objectives are: a) to describe and explain the observed biodiversity; b) to develop mathematical, statistical and computational methods to analyse population structures and make inferences about related parameters or assumptions; c) to deduce evolutionary principles that may result from selection, migration, random drift, mutation and recombination; and d) to incorporate the effects of complex interactions between individuals and between populations. In the next five years, the focus will be put on the following projects:1. Evolution of recombination. A recent stunning application of coalescent theory is the identification of hotspots of recombination, where chromosomes are more likely to break during meiosis. Theoretical studies are needed to address the question of their evolution and their effect on genetic variability. 2. Ancestral processes of phylogenetic trees. Reconstructing the history of migration in humans and the phylogeny of different species, not to mention the recombination maps of ancient species, from whole-genome data is the most important challenge in statistical genetics today. This requires a better understanding of the multispecies coalescent and new ancestral-type approaches of birth-and-death processes. 3. Cooperation in public goods games. Evolutionary game theory has recently gained a lot of interest with experiments of public goods games and the introduction of conditions that favor the evolution of cooperation in structured populations. The roles of reproductive values, mate choice and intergenerational relationships have been mostly ignored up to now. They are expected to enlighten key evolutionary issues related to reciprocity. 4. Inclusive fitness theory in game dynamics. The right definition of fitness and reproductive value in age-structured populations is a controversial subject. With interactions between kin, the validity of an inclusive fitness approach has to be addressed in this context in order to settle the debate.The project on recombination is connected to a central question in biology, namely the evolution of sex, which is still puzzling. As for the multispecies coalescent, “the field of phylogenetics is entering a new era in which trees of historical relationships between species are increasingly inferred from multilocus and genomic data” (Degnan and Rosenberg 2009). On the other hand, the evolution of cooperation through individual or species interactions in common goods games is of prime interest in view of contemporary environmental issues. Finally, inclusive fitness theory is widely used in behavioral ecology. It is related to Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection whose meaning is still passionately discussed in population genetics.