Arctic marine cryospheric chemistry

近几十年来，北极海冰环境发生了巨大变化。与这些变化相关的是，工业和社会经济发展对北极地区的可及性有所改善，以及化学污染物造成的生态和人类健康风险增加。我的研究项目是对北极海洋冰冻圈中发生的冻结温度（<0°C）化学反应或冷冻反应及其气候、环境和工程意义的基础和原始研究。在接下来的五年里，我和我的团队（包括两个学士学位，四个硕士学位和四个博士学位的学生，以及两个技术人员）将描述和参数化在温度、盐度和光照条件下发生的化学反应，这些条件类似于北极海洋冰冻圈，包括海冰、上覆的雪和下面的海水。重点将放在涉及二氧化碳、汞和多环芳烃的低温反应上，因为它们作为温室气体以及作为北极海洋生态系统中遗留和新出现的污染物各自的重要性。大多数实验研究将在一个专门的北极冰冻圈实验室在完全受控的条件下进行，而微观和中观尺度的研究将在国际独特的海冰环境研究设施和丘吉尔海洋观测站用“实验”或天然海冰进行。这些结果将有助于开发冰冻圈条件下的化学物种形成模型，然后将其纳入环北极和全球化学运输模型，以预测二氧化碳和其他污染物在各种排放和气候情景下的命运。

The Arctic sea ice environment has been undergoing dramatic changes in recent decades. Associated with these changes is improved accessibility to the Arctic region for industrial and socioeconomic development, as well as increased ecological and human health risk posed by chemical contaminants. My research program pursues fundamental and original studies on freezing-temperature (<0°C) chemical reactions, or cryo-reactions, occurring in the Arctic marine cryosphere and their climatic, environmental and engineering implications. Over the next five years, my team and I (including two B.Sc., four M.Sc. and four Ph.D. students, and two technicians) will characterize and parameterize chemical reactions occurring at temperature, salinity, and light conditions resembling those of the Arctic marine cryosphere including sea ice, the overlying snow and underlying seawater. The focus will be on cryo-reactions involving carbon dioxide, mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, because of their respective importance as a greenhouse gas, and as legacy and emerging contaminants of concern in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Most experimental studies will be carried out at a dedicated Arctic Cryospheric Laboratory under fully controlled conditions, whereas microcosm- and mesocosm-scale studies will be performed with “experimental” or natural sea ice at the internationally unique Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility and the Churchill Marine Observatory. The results will allow for the development of a chemical speciation model for cryospheric conditions, which will then be incorporated into circum-Arctic and global chemical transport models to project the fate of carbon dioxide and other contaminants under various emission and climate scenarios.