Building Integrated Renewable Heat from Biomass: Facility Management, Life Cycle Costing, and Environmental Impacts

可再生能源生产不仅在减少碳排放方面发挥关键作用，而且还减少了对化石燃料的依赖，使能源供应结构多样化，增强了国家和区域的能源安全和独立性。可再生能源还通过建立符合当地需求的分散式能源生产能力，成为社区发展的驱动力。这反过来又有助于提高能源供应基础设施的复原力，因为它提供了利用分布式能力的机会，并减少了集中式系统的负荷。从这个意义上说，增加可再生能源的份额是地球仪许多国家和区域能源指令的主要组成部分。然而，大多数此类支助方案侧重于使用可再生能源发电，而较少关注可再生能源产生的热量。根据国际能源署（IEA）的数据，供暖占全球最终能源使用量的一半左右，而电力和交通的比例分别为30%和20%。这清楚地突出了增加可再生能源在发热中所占份额的重要性和影响。在非住宅建筑的特殊情况下，根据IEA的数据，大约一半的能源消耗属于空间供暖和热水供应。

Energy production from renewable sources not only plays a critical role in cutting carbon emissions, but also reduces dependency on fossil fuels and diversifies the energy supply mix, enhancing national and regional energy security and independence. Renewable energy also presents itself as a driver behind community development by creating decentralized energy production capacities that are in line with local needs. This in turn contributes to enhancing the resilience of energy supply infrastructure by providing access to distributed capacities and reducing the load on centralized systems. In this sense, increasing the share of renewable energy is a major component of many national and regional energy directives across the globe. However, most of such support programs focus on use of renewables for electricity generation and less attention on generation of heat from renewables. According to International Energy Agency (IEA), heating is associated with about half of the final energy use globally, compared to about 30% and 20% shares for electricity and transport. This clearly highlights the importance and impact of increasing the share of renewable energy sources for heat generation. In the particular case of non-domestic buildings, according to IEA, about half of the energy consumption belongs to space heating and hot water supply.