Synthesis and Functionalization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides 2D Materials: Electrodes Design for Sensing Applications

包括过渡金属二硫族化合物（TMDCs）在内的电活性二维（2D）材料由于其独特的物理和电化学特性而引起了广泛和日益增长的研究兴趣，这使得它们在电子、光电子、电化学和传感器件中得到了广泛的应用。目前TMDCs的合成策略主要依赖于自上而下的方法，如蚀刻和剥离。然而，基于自下而上方法的化学气相沉积（CVD）生长工艺更有可能生产出缺陷更少、化学成分更均匀、短期和长期有序的TMDCs纳米结构。自底向上的合成方法是指将纳米结构通过原子相互堆叠直接合成到所需的衬底上，从而产生晶体平面，从而合成纳米结构。在文献中自下而上的方法中，缺乏对二维材料生长机制的系统理解，而一维材料的生长机制已经被很好地理解。迄今为止，独立2D材料的生长设计仍然是个案实践。

Elecroactive two-dimensional (2D) materials including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted extensive and growing research interest owing to their exotic physical and electrochemical properties, which have enabled their applications in electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical and sensing devices. Current synthesis strategies for TMDCs rely largely on top-down approaches such as etching and exfoliation. However, the bottom-up approach based chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth processes has a better chance of producing TMDCs nanostructures with less defects, more homogenous chemical composition, and better short- and long-range ordering. A bottom-up synthesis method implies that the nanostructures are synthesized directly onto a desired substrate by stacking atoms onto each other, which gives rise to crystal planes and resulting in the synthesis of the nanostructures. Among bottom-up approaches in literature, there lacks a systematic understanding of the mechanisms of 2D materials growth, unlike one-dimensional materials whose growth mechanisms have been well understood. To date, the growth design of freestanding 2D materials remain a case-by-case practice.