Emotion System Regulation: Concordance, Dynamics, and Time Scales

情绪调节是指影响情绪过程质量变化的机制。ER的个体差异对个人内部和个人之间的社会心理功能至关重要。因此，了解ER、ER的个体差异、ER如何发展以及ER在日常生活中的作用是至关重要的。我的研究项目的长期目标是通过理论和方法更深入地了解从童年到成年的ER过程。未来5年的短期目标是使用3种最有希望的方法来更好地理解ER作为个体内部和个体之间的过程：(1)情绪系统一致性-生理唤醒，认知评估和情绪行为表达之间的相互放大。(2)情绪动态——情绪状态的起伏或转换（即情绪的灵活性）。(3)时间尺度——每时每刻、每天、每年发生的情绪动态。本研究以5个主要研究问题为指导：什么是ER？动态生理、认知和行为过程是如何相互作用并作为ER的功能而改变的？个人内部和人际间的急诊流程是如何相互关联的？在不同的时间尺度上（例如，时刻到时刻，每天，每年），ER过程如何相互关联？这些过程是如何与人一生中心理社会功能的个体差异联系起来的呢？******提出三项研究。在120名本科生的样本中，一致性研究将检验两个关于为什么一致性难以实证证明的假设。情绪动力学研究将研究人际情绪的灵活性，在积极和消极的讨论中，并比较60名青少年（14-16岁）和大学生最好的朋友对之间的灵活性。时间尺度研究每年（2-5年）对在实验室观察到的实时情绪动态（灵活性）进行一次检查，并通过智能手机每天多次记录自我报告的情绪和ER，每年两周，在三个年龄组中进行，每个年龄组60名参与者：青少年（12-14岁），大学生（18-20岁）和成年人（35-50岁）。作为高质量HQP培训的一部分，建议的结果是测试和进一步完善理论模型，解决高影响力出版物中的5个研究问题，并开发和传播研究情绪过程的创新方法。这个研究项目将对影响所有加拿大人的急诊室提供重要的理解。

Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the mechanisms that effect change in the qualities of emotional processes. Individual differences in ER are central to intra- and inter-personal psychosocial functioning. Thus, understanding ER, individual differences in ER, how ER develops, and how ER functions in day-to-day life is crucial. The long-term objective of my research program is to provide deeper understanding of ER processes from childhood through adulthood through both theory and methods. The short-term objectives for the next 5 years are to better understand ER as both an intra- and inter-individual process using 3 approaches that hold the most promise for the field: (1) Emotion system concordance – the mutual amplification among physiological arousal, cognitive appraisals, and behavioural expressions of emotion. (2) Emotion dynamics – the rise and fall of or switching among emotional states (i.e., emotional flexibility). (3) Time scales – emotional dynamics occurring moment-to-moment, day-to-day, and year-to-year. This research is guided by 5 primary research questions: What is ER? How do dynamic physiological, cognitive, and behavioural processes interact and change as a function of ER? How do intra- and inter-personal ER processes relate to one another? How do ER processes at different time scales (e.g., moment-to-moment, day-to-day, year-to-year) relate to one another? How do all of these processes relate to individual differences in psychosocial functioning across the lifespan?******Three studies are proposed. The Concordance Study will test two hypotheses about why concordance has been difficult to demonstrate empirically in a sample of 120 undergraduates. The Emotion Dynamics Study will examine interpersonal emotional flexibility, within and across positive and negative discussions, and compare this flexibility between 60 adolescent (ages 14-16) and undergraduate best friend dyads. The Time Scale study is an annual (years 2-5) examination of real-time emotional dynamics (flexibility) observed in the lab and self-reported emotion and ER recorded via smartphone several times a day for two weeks a year in three age groups of 60 participants each: adolescents (aged 12-14), undergraduates (aged 18-20), and adults (aged 35-50). As part of high-quality HQP training, the proposed outcomes are to test and further refine theoretical models, address 5 research questions in high-impact publications, and develop and disseminate innovative methods for studying emotional processes. This research program will provide important understanding of ER that impacts all Canadians.