Changing carbon sinks in subarctic Canada

在人类世，人类推动的碳循环变化改变了全球和当地的气候，从而改变了经济和人类生活的方方面面。亚北极占加拿大陆地面积的六分之一，但这是一个研究很少的地区，人类居住稀少，资源开采率正在增加。亚北极中部和西部特别容易受到气候变化影响(温度和降水)的影响，这是因为广泛的永久冻土、大量的碳储存和低年降雨量。作为温室气体(二氧化碳和甲烷)从表层水体流入大气的碳通量是来自包括湿地和湖泊/池塘边缘在内的陆地系统的碳源和储存在沉积物中的碳之间的平衡。地表水体的这种损失是巨大的，使我们量化气候变化和人类活动对这一大区域影响的能力变得更加复杂。这项建议考察了沿**样带从南到北覆盖连续的、广泛的不连续的和零星的**不连续的永久冻土条件下的三个地区的景观尺度碳平衡。我们结合使用水文气候信息、化学分析、高度专业化的同位素技术、遥感和数值模拟来改进我们对碳动态、温室气体产生、碳储存以及在沉积物中长期储存(碳封存)和释放到大气中**(增加温室气体)之间的关键碳平衡的定量**理解和预测。我们组建了一支强大的研究团队，包括来自大学、地区和联邦政府、学生和土著社区的加拿大和国际**研究科学家。研究成果将为以科学为基础的管理和政策决策以及加拿大北部气候变化行动的实施和加拿大关于温室气体排放的国际报告义务提供信息。

In the Anthropocene, human-driven changes to carbon cycles alter global and local climates and hence all**aspects of economy and human life. The subarctic is 1/6 of the Canadian land mass but a poorly studied area**where human habitation is sparse and rates of resource extraction are increasing. The central and western**subarctic is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects (temperature and precipitation) due to extensive**permafrost, large stores of carbon, and low annual precipitation. Carbon fluxes to the atmosphere from surface**water bodies as greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane) is a balance between carbon sources from**terrestrial systems including wetlands and lake/pond margins and carbon stored in sediments. This loss from**surface water bodies is large and complicates our ability to quantify the effect of climate change and human**activities on this large region. This proposal examines the landscape-scale carbon balance in three areas along a**transect from south to north covering conditions of continuous, widespread discontinuous, and sporadic**discontinuous permafrost. We use a combination of hydroclimatic information, chemical analysis, highly**specialized isotopic techniques, remote sensing, and numerical modelling to improve our quantitative**understanding and forecasting of carbon dynamics, greenhouse gas production, carbon stores and the critical**carbon balance between long-term storage in sediments (carbon sequestration) and release to the atmosphere**(increasing greenhouse gases). We have formed a strong research team including Canadian and international**research scientists from universities, territorial and federal governments, students, and Indigenous**communities. Research outcomes will inform science-based management and policy decisions and delivery of**climate change actions for Canada's north and Canada's obligations for international reporting on greenhouse**gas emissions.