Synthesis and Functionalization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides 2D Materials: Electrodes Design for Sensing Applications

过渡金属二硫属化合物（TMDCs）等电活性二维（2D）材料由于其独特的物理和电化学性质，在电子学、光电子学、电化学和传感器件等领域有着广泛的应用，引起了人们越来越多的关注。目前TMDC的合成策略很大程度上依赖于自上而下的方法，例如蚀刻和剥落。然而，基于自下而上的方法的化学气相沉积（CVD）生长过程有更好的机会产生具有更少缺陷，更均匀的化学成分，以及更好的短程和长程有序的TMDC纳米结构。自下而上的合成方法意味着通过将原子堆叠在彼此上而将纳米结构直接合成到期望的基底上，这产生晶面并导致纳米结构的合成。在自下而上的方法在文献中，有缺乏一个系统的理解的机制，二维材料的生长，不像一维材料的生长机制已经很好地理解。到目前为止，独立式2D材料的生长设计仍然是一种逐案实践。** 因此，在拟议的计划中，将解决以下关键挑战：（i）通过使用CVD工艺，以高质量和高效率为大规模应用可控合成TMDC 2D材料。(ii)了解TMDC 2D材料的生长动力学。这些研究将为实验观察提供机制和解释，并为材料质量改进提供有用的建议。(iii)寻找生长过程中形核和边缘重构的最佳条件，并预测在不同衬底上生长的TMDC二维材料的结构和稳定性。这种指导对于实验者改善他们的生长过程或探索创新技术是有价值的。(iv)TMDC 2D材料功能化和电极制造，以设计用于环境监测的基于高性能传感器的TMDC。**这一雄心勃勃的目标定义了一个特殊的机会，可以加入国际努力，绘制TMDC 2D材料系列，并绘制其属性，这只是现在正在进行中。该研究计划将提供一个系统的和全面的介绍，可扩展的合成这种新一代的二维材料，通过使用CVD方法。该项目将导致TMDC 2D材料工程的突破性进展，旨在培养高素质的人才，以满足学术界和工业界的科学和技术需求;开发具体应用程序，以满足加拿大社会的需求，并为实现未来的技术平台做出贡献，并肯定加拿大作为纳米技术研究和开发领导者的作用。

Elecroactive two-dimensional (2D) materials including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted extensive and growing research interest owing to their exotic physical and electrochemical properties, which have enabled their applications in electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical and sensing devices. Current synthesis strategies for TMDCs rely largely on top-down approaches such as etching and exfoliation. However, the bottom-up approach based chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth processes has a better chance of producing TMDCs nanostructures with less defects, more homogenous chemical composition, and better short- and long-range ordering. A bottom-up synthesis method implies that the nanostructures are synthesized directly onto a desired substrate by stacking atoms onto each other, which gives rise to crystal planes and resulting in the synthesis of the nanostructures. Among bottom-up approaches in literature, there lacks a systematic understanding of the mechanisms of 2D materials growth, unlike one-dimensional materials whose growth mechanisms have been well understood. To date, the growth design of freestanding 2D materials remain a case-by-case practice. ******Therefore, in the proposed program the following key challenges will be addressed: (i) Controllable synthesis of TMDCs 2D materials with high quality and high efficiency for large-scale applications by using CVD processes. (ii) Understanding the growth dynamics of TMDCs 2D materials. These studies will provide mechanisms and explanations for experimental observations and useful suggestions for material quality improvement. (iii) Finding the optimal conditions for nucleation and edge reconstruction during growth, as well as predict the structure and stability of TMDCs 2D materials grown on different substrates. Such guidance is valuable for experimentalists to improve their growth processes or to explore innovative techniques. (iv) TMDCs 2D materials functionalization and electrodes fabrication to design high performance sensors based TMDCs for environmental monitoring.******This ambitious goal defines a special opportunity to join the international effort to map out the TMDCs 2D materials family and to chart their properties that is only now underway. The proposed research program will provide a systematic and comprehensive introduction of scalable synthesis of this new geration of 2D materials by using CVD methods. Such project will result in groundbreaking advancements in TMDCs 2D materials engineering with the aim of training highly qualified personnel to respond to the scientific and technological demands in academia and industry; developing concrete applications to address the needs of Canadian society and contributing towards the realization of the technology platform of the future and affirming Canada's role as a leader in nanotechnology research and development.***