Impact of climate and climate change on the soil slopes of Canada's natural and built environment

加拿大的沿海地区、湖岸和河谷随着时间的推移而演变，形成了加拿大建造城镇和城市的景观。我们还创造了自己的土坡，以形成我们的交通网络，提供防洪，管理我们的水资源，并保护我们的环境免受资源工业废物的影响。气候变化对我们自然环境和建筑环境的这些重要组成部分构成了重大风险。******气候变化预计将增加加拿大的降水总量以及极端降雨事件的频率和严重程度。由于天气事件与边坡不稳定之间的密切关系，气候变化有可能对我们自然和建筑环境的土壤边坡产生巨大影响。重要的问题仍然包括：*******a)更高的降雨强度会使山体滑坡更危险，更频繁吗？我们如何在我们的土壤行为和滑坡触发模型中最好地量化这种影响？****b)如果引发山体滑坡，气候如何影响碎片移动的距离？我们如何在滑坡移动距离的预测工具中考虑这个因素？****c)观察未来斜坡不稳警告信号的最佳监察工具是什么？****这些问题的答案将通过高度仪器化的滑坡实验来寻求，这些实验完全控制了气候的影响，以揭示控制这些危险的触发和随后的流动行为的复杂物理，并对可能用于滑坡预警系统的技术进行现场试验。*因此，该研究计划的目标是培养知识，高素质的毕业生，以及实用的工具，这些工具将有助于回答这些问题，并更好地管理气候变化对加拿大自然和建筑环境的土壤斜坡带来的风险。通过该研究项目，11名HQP（4名博士学位，7名硕士学位）将接受加拿大强大的工程服务行业高需求的技术知识和专业技能培训。***

Canada's coastal regions, lake shores, and river valleys have evolved with time to form the landscapes on which Canada has built its towns and cities. We have also created our own soil slopes to form our transportation networks, to provide flood protection, to manage our water resources, and to protect our environment from the waste products of our resource industries. Climate change poses a significant risk to these vital components of our natural and built environment.******Climate change is expected to increase both the total amount of precipitation and the frequency and severity of extreme rainfall events in Canada. With a strong relationship between weather events and slope instability, climate change has the potential to have drastic effects on the soil slopes of our natural and built environment. Significant questions remain including:*******a) Will higher rainfall intensity make landslides more dangerous in addition to more frequent? How can we best quantify this effect in our models of soil behaviour and landslide triggering?****b) If a landslide is triggered, how does climate influence how far the debris travels? How can we take account for this factor in our predictive tools for landslide travel distance?****c) What are the best monitoring tools for observing the warning signs of future slope instability?****Answers to these questions will be sought through highly instrumented landslide experiments conducted with complete control over the climatic influence to reveal the complex physics controlling the triggering and subsequent flow behaviour of these hazards and field trials of technologies for possible use in landslide early warning systems.*The objective of this research program is therefore to produce the knowledge, highly qualified graduates, and practical tools that will help answer these questions and better manage the risk posed by climate change on the soil slopes of Canada's natural and built environment. Through this research program, 11 HQP (4 at the PhD level, 7 at the MSc level) will be trained in the technical knowledge and professional skills-sets in high demand by Canada's strong engineering services industry.***