Biodiversity impacts of natural and managed ecosystems in the Anthropocene

生物多样性是地球上生命的基础。它对生态系统的功能至关重要，生态系统为我们提供了产品和服务，没有这些产品和服务，我们就不能生活和维持我们的社会。在当今全球化的世界中，外来入侵物种引起了人们的极大关注，因为它们可能会对生物地理区域的生态系统造成不良的生态和经济影响，而生物地理区域不是其原生范围的一部分。在接下来的五年里，我计划评估外来(外来)植物对土壤微生物多样性和非本土景观中植物多样性的影响。这项研究计划将以几个热带和北方植物物种及其相关的微生物为模式生物，在管理景观中操纵生物多样性(种间和种内遗传变异、入侵、入侵、适合度降低和感知冗余)的背景下，更好地理解生态系统功能和环境可持续性。一)分析天然和管理生态系统的根际微生物，以提高植物生产力和健康；二)评估外来植物和微生物对土壤生物多样性的影响；三)研究共生调节在一些外来物种入侵中的作用及其对环境压力和生态幅度的适应，并评估形态分子变化，以确定赋予物种“入侵性”的特征；四)评估土壤开采和水产开采污染物中植物修复的潜力；五)评估碎片化对种群结构和遗传多样性的影响；以及vi)最终，开发空间显式的基于个体的模拟模型和统计生态经济学方法。这些研究的结果将旨在提供必要的科学可靠的背景信息，以便就生物多样性保护和管理和未管理的景观的生态认证作出明智的决定。这些结果也将有助于理解导致表型变异和适应的功能和进化机制，以及系统发育限制相似性假说。该项目与克什米尔大学(印度)、塔那那利佛大学(马达加斯加)和维索萨联邦大学(巴西米纳斯吉拉斯)合作，将在拉瓦尔对这一快速发展的研究领域的几名研究生进行培训。因此，该项目符合NSERC和大学的研究和培训任务**

Biodiversity is the foundation of life on Earth. It is crucial for the functioning of ecosystems, which provide us with products, and services without which we couldn't live and sustain our societies. In the contemporary globalized world, invasive alien species (IAS) have attracted much attention because of the undesirable ecological and economic effects that they may impose upon ecosystems in biogeographic regions, which are not part of their native ranges. For the next five years, I plan to evaluate the effects of alien (exotic) plants on soil microbial diversity and plant diversity in non-native landscapes. This research program will provide a better understanding of ecosystem function and environmental sustainability, in the context of manipulating biodiversity in managed landscapes (inter-and intra-specific genetic variation, invasiveness, introgression, reduced fitness and perceived redundancy), using several tropical and boreal plant species and their associated microsymbionts as model organisms. i) to analyse the rhizomicrobiomes of natural and managed ecosystems for improved plant productivity and health; ii) to assess the impact of exotic plants and microsymbionts on soil biodiversity; iii) to examine the role of symbiotic modulation in invasiveness of some exotic species and their adaptation to environmental stresses and ecological amplitude as well as assess the morpho-molecular variation for the identification of traits that confer "invasiveness" upon species; iv) to assess the potential of phytobial remediation in soil-mining and aqua-mining of contaminants; v) to assess the impact of fragmentation on population structure and genetic diversity; and vi) ultimately, to develop spatially explicit individual-based simulation models and statistical ecogenomic methods. Results from these studies will be directed at providing the necessary scientifically sound background information for making informed decisions regarding biodiversity conservation, and ecocertification of managed and unmanaged landscapes. These results will also help understand the functional and evolutionary mechanisms that lead to phenotypic variation and adaptation as well as the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis. In collaboration with the University of Kashmir (India), the University of Antananarivo (Madagascar), and the Federal University of Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil), the project will involve the training of several graduate students at Laval in this rapidly developing research area. Therefore, the project is consistent with the research and training mandates of both NSERC and the University**