EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE REMEDIATION BY THE USE OF NOVEL ECO-PROCESSES AND EMERGING GENOMIC TOOLS

受污染的地点在加拿大无处不在，联邦登记处列出了23,078个地点。日益频繁的涉及非常规石油的环境紧急情况，如Lac Mégantic的火车脱轨(魁北克)或管道泄漏(仅在艾伯塔省，1990年至2012年发生15609次泄漏-不包括最近在和平河、奴隶河和北萨斯喀彻温河的重大泄漏)提供证据表明，污染与广大水体和土地的有毒化合物一起，导致巨大的环境破坏和失去生态服务，例如饮用水的来源。生物处理(好氧生物降解和植物修复)是备受青睐的修复技术。然而，这些技术是作为封闭的盒子应用的，不考虑污染物的特殊性或微生物的功能或对加拿大环境重要的因素。这导致修复效率低，未知降解副产物造成的残留毒性阻碍了处理过的土壤和沉积物的再利用或再循环。这项研究计划将通过开发创新的现场生态毒性评估协议和工具以及在基因组信息的帮助下设计的增强型分级生物治疗来提供解决方案。知识和工具开发方面的这些进步是迫切需要的，当这些成果被应用时，将产生更高的经济、技术和环境效益。该计划将解决加拿大一些新兴地点存在的特定污染物家族，即：非常规石油碳氢化合物(Dilbit和Bakken)PHS(单、多环芳烃；MAH和PAH，重点是有毒的烷基多环芳烃)；非常规石油中存在的痕量金属TMS(铅、镉、锌、镍、铜)和过渡金属TRMS(汞、Va)；剧毒的铂族元素PGE(铂、钯)存在于所有危险物质运输管道/火车车厢和水库中，以及来自非常规石油或冬季道路除冰的盐(Cl、SO4)，因为它们广泛存在于高浓度并影响现场修复。这一研究计划的原创性很高，包括多个方面：1)在监测和补救行动的设计中考虑多种生态毒性来源和累积效应；2)使用紧急基因组工具获取关键的生物过程信息并加强生物处理；3)研究新出现的污染物(烷基多环芳烃、铂、钯)以及盐在补救抑制中的影响和衰减。它还将促进综合修复工程这一新兴领域的发展。更多的HQP将接受先进和创新的科学和技术工具的培训，促进加拿大在对加拿大和世界至关重要的关键部门的专门知识和专门知识的输出。

Contaminated sites are ubiquitous in Canada with the Federal registry listing 23,078 sites. Increasingly recurrent environmental emergencies involving unconventional oils such as Lac Mégantic's train derailment (Quebec) or pipeline leaks (Only in Alberta, 15609 leaks occurred between 1990 and 2012 - not including recent major spills in Peace, Slave and N. Saskatchewan rivers) provide evidence that contamination, with toxic compounds of vast water bodies and lands, results in enormous environmental damage and loss of ecological services e.g. source of drinking water. Biotreatments (aerobic biodegradation and phytoremediation) are favored remediation techniques. However, these techniques are applied as closed boxes not considering contaminant specificities or micro-organisms' functions or factors of importance to Canadian context. This results in poor remediation efficiency, residual toxicity due to unknown degradation byproducts preventing the re-use or recycling of treated soils and sediments. This research program will offer solutions by developing innovative in-situ ecotoxicity assessment protocols and tools and enhanced tiered biotreatments designed with assistance of genomic information. These advances in knowledge and tools developments are critically needed and when applied the outcomes will result in higher economic, technical and environmental benefits. The program will tackle specific families of contaminants present in Canadian sites, some emerging, namely: unconventional petroleum hydrocarbons (Dilbit and Bakken) PHs (mono, polycyclic aromatics; MAH and PAH, respectively, with accent on toxic alkyl-PAHs); trace metals TMs (Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu) and transition metals TRMs (Hg, Va) present in unconventional oils; the highly toxic platinum-group elements PGEs (Pt, Pd) which are present in all hazardous substances transportation pipelines/train cars and reservoirs, and Salts (Cl, SO4) from unconventional oils or winter road de-icing as they are widely found in high concentrations and affect site remediation. The originality of this research program is high and includes multiple aspects: 1) consideration of multiple ecotoxicity sources and cumulative effects in the design of monitoring and remedial actions; 2) use of emergent genomic tools to obtain key bioprocess information and enhance biotreatments; 3) study of emerging contaminants (alkyl-PAHs, Pt, Pd) and influence and attenuation of salts in remedial inhibition. It will also promote the emerging field of Integrative Remediation Engineering. An elevated number of HQP will be trained with advanced and innovative scientific and technical tools, promoting the exportation of Canadian know-how and know-do expertise in a crucial sector of importance to Canada and the world.******