Enhancement of Multi-Constellation Satellite-Based Precise Positioning and Ionospheric Remote Sensing

拟议的研究将涉及三个主题：1)利用多个全球导航卫星系统改进定位和导航；2)改进廉价的、主要是单频的全球导航卫星系统定位和导航；3)利用全球导航卫星系统技术对电离层进行遥感，主要利用我在加拿大CASSIOPE研究卫星上的仪器提供的数据。*多系统、多频率全球导航卫星系统定位：虽然全球定位系统是第一个广泛使用的卫星导航系统，但现在已经加入了俄罗斯的全球轨道导航系统系统、欧洲的伽利略系统以及中国的北斗系统，所有这些系统都已部分完成了对卫星星座的在轨运行，这些系统将于2020年左右全面投入使用。新的GNSS和现代化的GPS将在多个频率上提供新的信号结构，这将极大地有利于定位和导航。*通过使用所有可用卫星的观测，无论星座如何，我们有可能显著提高导航可用性和在某些方向的信号可能被阻断的受限环境中的连续性。我们也有可能提高定位精度，因为有更多的观测和更有利的几何条件可用。我们的精密单点定位算法和软件已经以合理的精度和精度产生了位置和轨迹，但还需要改进它们的能力，从而展示如何最好地处理多系统和多频率数据以获得最佳结果。*改进低成本的GNSS定位：虽然目前使用传统的基于代码的单频GPS测量可以定位和导航到大约一到两米的精度水平，但通过额外使用载波相位观测和使用来自其他星座(如GLONASS)的信号，可以实现更高的精度。对于导航来说，不仅系统的准确性很重要，而且系统的可用性、连续性和完整性也很重要，因此多星座观测加上附加的传感器(如惯性测量单元)将带来显著的好处。对于城市环境中的汽车应用来说，这是最需要的。我们将开发低成本、补充的GNSS定位的新方法，以实现汽车定位行业所需的系统所需的精度和可靠性。*电离层遥感：我们的工作还将包括调查全球导航卫星系统接收器在受干扰的电离层条件下的性能，以及将全球导航卫星系统用作研究电离层电子分布形态的遥感工具。*我们提议的所有GNSS研究将不仅对加拿大，而且对全世界的定位和导航都有重大好处。**

The proposed research will involve three themes: 1) improvement of positioning and navigation using multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS); 2) improvement of inexpensive, primarily single-frequency, GNSS positioning and navigation; and 3) remote sensing of the ionosphere using GNSS techniques, using primarily data from my instrument on the Canadian CASSIOPE research satellite.******Multi-System, Multi-Frequency GNSS Positioning: Although GPS was the first widely available satellite navigation system, it has now been joined by the Russian GLONASS system, the European Galileo system, and the Chinese BeiDou systemall of which have partially completed orbiting constellations of satellites, which will be become fully operational by 2020 or so. The new GNSS along with modernized GPS will offer new signal structures on multiple frequencies that will greatly benefit positioning and navigation.******By using observations from all available satellites, regardless of constellation, we have the possibility of significantly improving navigation availability and continuity in restricted environments where signals from some directions might be blocked. We also have the potential for improved positioning accuracy due to more observations with more favourable geometry being available. Our precise point positioning algorithms and software already produce positions and trajectories with reasonable precision and accuracy but work needs to done to improve their capabilities and thus demonstrate how best to handle multi-system and multi-frequency data for optimum results.******Improvement of Low-Cost GNSS Positioning: While positioning and navigation to about the one-to-two-metre accuracy level is currently possible with conventional single-frequency, code-based GPS measurements, higher accuracies can be achieved by additionally using carrier-phase observations and by using signals from additional constellations such as GLONASS. And for navigation, where not just the accuracy of the system is important but also its availability, continuity, and integrity, there is significant benefit from multi-constellation observations supplemented by additional sensors such as inertial measurement units. Nowhere is this more needed than for automotive applications in urban environments. We will develop novel approaches to low-cost, supplemented GNSS positioning to achieve the required accuracy and reliability of systems being demanded by the automotive positioning industry. ******Ionosphere Remote Sensing: Our work will also involve investigating GNSS receiver performance in disturbed ionospheric conditions as well as using GNSS as a remote-sensing tool for studying the morphology of the ionosphere's electron distribution. ******All of our proposed GNSS research will be of significant benefit for positioning and navigation not only in Canada but worldwide.**