Towards Power Electronic Centric Power Systems

电力电子领域基础研究的进步将在社会向净能源基础设施电气化经济过渡的能力和实现其雄心勃勃的温室气体排放目标方面发挥关键作用。向可再生能源和电气化交通的转变，将对未来以电力电子为中心的电力基础设施提出额外的要求，这是当今技术无法满足的。为了满足这些需求，需要几种关键的电网技术和支持工程工具，以最佳地利用混合交流和直流型电力系统的优势，这是由电力电子技术实现的。这将导致与今天的60赫兹传统交流电力系统根本不同的电力系统。提出的研究计划调查三个关键方面独特的未来电力电子中心电力系统。***首先，模块化多级转换器的研究将探索新的拓扑结构，以创建具有高转换率的单级DC/DC转换器结构，目标是这些结构提供接近变压器的功能，但用于直流系统。这样的解决方案将提供一种在可再生能源、储能系统和直流负载之间直接交换直流电力的方法，而不需要当今电网中使用的大量昂贵的AC/DC高功率转换器。这在提高能源效率和电网可靠性方面也有额外的好处。***其次，将开发具有内在能力的直流网络，以电子方式限制或中断危险电网故障电流的幅度。这一发展有望通过提供直流输电和配电网络所能提供的无数经济和环境效益，显著降低电力基础设施的成本。***最后，下一代工程工具对于这些新兴网络的设计，控制和稳定性分析至关重要，这些网络将具有高度渗透的新型电力电子系统，其运行方式与今天的电网接口电力电子系统完全不同。基于系统线性化理论的经典建模技术无法捕捉紧急电力电子系统中重要的能量传递机制，但正是这些系统为以前不可用的功能提供了门户，并为降低基础设施成本提供了新的途径。***由G20建立的全球基础设施中心预计，2020年至2040年间，全球将有超过20万亿美元投资于电力基础设施。这项投资的最佳部署将取决于下一代电力电子系统提供的可用于电力转换和控制的技术

Advancement of fundamental research in the power electronic field will play a pivotal role in society's ability to economically transition towards electrification of its net energy infrastructure and to meet its ambitious green house gas emission targets. The shift towards renewables and electrified transport, will place additional demands on future, power electronic centric, electrical infrastructure that cannot be met by today's technology. To meet these demands, several key enabler grid technologies and supporting engineering tools will be required to optimally exploit the benefits of mixed AC and DC type power systems, as made possible by power electronics. This will result in a fundamentally different power system than the 60 Hz legacy AC power system of today. The proposed research program investigates three critical facets unique to future power electronic centric power systems. ***First, research into modular multi-level converters will explore new topologies to create single-stage DC/DC converter structures capable of high conversion ratios with goal that these structures provide functionality nearing that of a transformer, but for DC systems. Such solutions will provide a means of direct exchange of DC power between renewables, energy storage systems and DC loads without the multitude of costly AC/DC high power converters that are employed in today's electrical grid. This also has additional benefits in terms of improved energy efficiency and reliability of the grid.***Secondly, DC networks that offer inherent capacity to electronically limit or interrupt the amplitude of hazardous grid fault currents will be developed. This development has promise to significantly reduce the cost of electrical infrastructure by providing broad access to the myriad of economic and environmental benefits that DC transmission and distribution networks can offer. ***Finally, next generation engineering tools are critically needed for the design, control and stability analysis of these emergent networks which will feature a high penetration of new power electronic systems that operate quite differently than the grid-interfaced power electronics of today. Classical modeling techniques, based on the theory of system linearization are failing to capture significant energy transfer mechanisms within emergent power electronic systems, yet precisely these systems provide the gateway to formerly unavailable functionality and new avenues for infrastructure cost reductions. ***The Global Infrastructure Hub, established by the G20, anticipates over $20 trillion U.S. will be invested globally in electrical energy infrastructure between 2020 and 2040. Optimal deployment of this investment will hinge on the technologies available for the conversion and control of electrical power, as provided by next generation power electronic systems.**