Quantum computing and cryptography

愿景： 抓住量子信息处理的巨大力量：用更少的资源更快地利用它，并产生更积极的影响。 主动中和量子攻击，建立更强大的网络免疫系统。 挑战： 抓住量子机遇并降低风险需要应对有趣且具有挑战性的研究挑战，包括： a）开发和改进量子算法，以解决正在出现的量子计算资源的重要问题 B）高效地编译算法以在硬件上运行，从而以最少的资源提供最大的量子优势 c）量化为全球标准化而开发的新密码算法的量子脆弱性 d）为区块链和隐私保护技术等新兴加密系统开发量子安全方法。 我的研究计划将通过以下方法来应对这些挑战： a）专注于两个重要的问题领域：1）模拟量子系统，2）密码分析。 B）专注于用尽可能少的资源在新兴的物理平台上实现最有趣的算法;将这些挑战公式化为数学优化问题;发现新的工具来执行优化。 c）联合收割机最新的算法结果、编译工具和容错开销，以获得破解相关加密算法所需资源的定量估计。 d）探索使用被认为可以抵抗量子攻击的假设来构建密码系统的构建块的替代方法。 我们将与一系列学生和博士后一起进行这项研究，在学校，研讨会和通过我们的开源平台分享最新成果。 这些成果将： 推动量子计算平台的应用程序和软件工具的发现，为应用量子算法的新时代奠定基础 提供在量子技术时代开发和评估密码学的基础知识。 这项研究非常及时，因为： 包括知识产权、个人信息和国家机密在内的信息，通过当今的量子脆弱工具进行交流，现在很容易被记录下来，以后会被一系列犯罪组织和国家行为者利用。 美国国家标准与技术研究所将在未来3-4年内对少量“后量子”公钥算法进行标准化。在潜在的量子脆弱工具成为标准化并嵌入一系列技术平台和工具之前，必须发现漏洞。 噪声中间尺度量子（NISQ）器件现在变得可用。我提出的工作将在很短的时间内大大增强和加速它们的有效性，随后也将用于未来的容错量子计算机。

Vision: Seize the immense power of quantum information processing: harness it sooner, with fewer resources, and with more positive impacts. Pro-actively neutralize quantum-enabled attacks and build a stronger cyber immune system. The Challenges: Seizing the quantum opportunities and mitigating the risks require tackling interesting and challenging research challenges, including: a) Developing and improving quantum algorithms for solving important problems with quantum computing resources that are emerging b) Efficiently compiling algorithms to run on hardware in a manner that gives the most quantum advantage with the fewest resources c) Quantifying the quantum vulnerability of new cryptographic algorithms being developed for global standardization d) Developing quantum-safe methods for new emerging cryptographic systems like blockchains and privacy-preserving technologies. My research program will tackle these challenges through the following approaches: a) Focus on two important problem areas:1) simulating quantum systems, and 2) cryptanalysis. b) Focus on implementing the most interesting algorithms on the emerging physical platforms with the fewest resources possible; formulate these challenges as mathematical optimization problems; discover new tools to perform the optimizations. c) Combine the latest algorithmic results, compiling tools, and fault-tolerance overheads to derive quantitative estimates of the resources needed to break the relevant cryptographic algorithms. d) Explore alternative ways to construct the building blocks of cryptographic systems using assumptions that are believed to resist quantum attacks. We will conduct this research alongside a range of students and postdocs, share latest results at schools, workshops and through our open-source platforms. These results will: Drive the discovery of applications and software tools for quantum computing platforms that are emerging preparing the foundation for the new era of applied quantum algorithmics Deliver fundamental knowledge for developing and assessing cryptography in the era with quantum technologies. This research is very timely since: Information, including intellectual property, personal information, and national secrets that are communicated with today's quantum-vulnerable tools are susceptible to being recorded now and exploited later by a range of criminal organizations and state actors. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology will be standardizing a small number of “post-quantum” public-key algorithms in the next 3-4 years. It is imperative that vulnerabilities are discovered before potentially quantum-vulnerable tools become standardized and embedded in a range of technology platforms and tools. Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices are becoming available now. The work I propose will greatly enhance and accelerate their effectiveness in the very short term, and subsequently also for future fault-tolerant quantum computers.