Machine learning-based quality control of canine thoracic radiographs

在动物医院和兽医诊所，x光片是由兽医技术人员拍摄的，通常由不在现场的放射科医生送去进行远程放射学会诊。这些研究的周转时间从1小时（STAT病例）到2-3天（非紧急病例）不等。低质量或定位不佳的x线片可能导致错误诊断，在严重的情况下，可能被放射科医生归类为不可诊断。因此，x线片的质量控制对于为患者提供可靠的解释和方便的服务起着重要的作用。对人员进行正确定位的培训以及具有宽曝光纬度和动态范围的现代x射线设备有助于减少技术错误并提高质量。然而，放射科医生仍然收到不适当的准直解剖和不适当的定位的x线片。因此，有相当数量的犬胸部x线片是非诊断性的或诊断价值有限。这增加了兽医诊所和客户的费用，也增加了患者和工作人员的辐射暴露。因此，在放射学研究中，良好的图像质量对于避免误导或错误诊断，降低总体成本和减少辐射暴露的重要性怎么强调都不为过。我们提出了一种机器学习算法，可以分析犬侧胸x线片，并在将其发送给放射科医生进行诊断之前评估其适用性。我们还致力于开发一种传感器系统，帮助患者定位，减少技术错误的可能性。拟议的工作将使加拿大兽医和宠物主人受益：1)减少与反复镇静和x光片获取相关的成本；2)减轻客户返回兽医诊所的经济负担；3)减少技术人员的可用性；3)减少每次重拍x光片约2.5美元的可变成本；4)如果重新提交评估，则取消每次放射学研究50-100美元的远程医疗咨询费。

In animal hospitals and veterinary clinics, radiographs are taken by veterinary technicians and are often sent for a teleradiology consult by radiologists who are not present on-site. Turn around times for these studies range from 1 hour (STAT cases) to 2-3 days (non-emergency cases). Low-quality or poorly positioned radiographs may cause erroneous diagnosis and, in severe cases, may be classified as nondiagnostic by the radiologist. Therefore, quality control of the radiographs plays an important role in providing a reliable interpretation and convenient service to the patient. The training of personnel in proper positioning as well as modern x-ray units with wide exposure latitude and dynamic range help to reduce technical errors and increase quality. However, radiologists still receive radiographs with inappropriately collimated anatomy and inadequate positioning. As a result, there are a considerable number of canine thorax radiographs that render nondiagnostic or are limited in their diagnostic value. This increases the cost to veterinary clinics and clients, as well as increases radiation exposure to patients and personnel. Therefore, the importance of good image quality in radiographic studies to avoid the misleading or erroneous diagnosis, to reduce overall costs and to reduce radiation exposure, cannot be overstated. We propose a machine learning algorithm that analyzes the canine lateral thorax radiograph and evaluates its appropriateness before it is sent to the radiologist for diagnosis. We also aim to develop a sensor system that helps position the patient and reduce the room for technical error. The proposed work will benefit Canadian veterinarians as well as pet owners by 1) reducing the costs associated with repeating sedation and radiograph acquisition; 2) reducing the financial burden on the client to return to the veterinary clinic; 3) reducing technical staff availability; 3) eliminating roughly $2.5 variable cost per radiograph retake; and 4) eliminating the $50-100 telemedicine consultation fee per radiographic study if resubmitted for evaluation.