Enhancement of Multi-Constellation Satellite-Based Precise Positioning and Ionospheric Remote Sensing

拟议的研究将涉及三个主题：1）利用多个全球导航卫星系统改进定位和导航; 2）改进廉价的、主要是单频的全球导航卫星系统定位和导航; 3）利用全球导航卫星系统技术对电离层进行遥感，主要利用我在加拿大CASSIOPE研究卫星上的仪器提供的数据。虽然GPS是第一个广泛使用的卫星导航系统，但现在已经加入了俄罗斯GLONASS系统，欧洲伽利略系统和中国北斗系统-所有这些都已经部分完成了卫星轨道星座，将在2020年左右全面投入使用。新的全球导航卫星系统沿着现代化的全球定位系统将提供多个频率的新信号结构，这将大大有利于定位和导航。通过使用所有可用卫星的观测结果，无论星座如何，我们都有可能在某些方向的信号可能被阻挡的受限环境中显着提高导航可用性和连续性。我们也有可能提高定位精度，由于更多的观测与更有利的几何形状。我们的精确点定位算法和软件已经产生了具有合理精度和准确度的位置和轨迹，但需要做的工作是提高其能力，从而展示如何最好地处理多系统和多频率数据以获得最佳结果。改进低成本全球导航卫星系统定位：虽然目前使用传统的单频、基于代码的全球定位系统测量可以实现大约1至2米精度水平的定位和导航，但通过另外使用载波相位观测和使用来自诸如全球轨道导航卫星系统等其他星座的信号，可以实现更高的精度。对于导航来说，不仅系统的精度很重要，而且其可用性、连续性和完整性也很重要，多星座观测加上惯性测量单元等附加传感器会带来显著的好处。没有什么比城市环境中的汽车应用更需要这一点了。我们将开发低成本的新方法，补充GNSS定位，以实现汽车定位行业所要求的系统所需的准确性和可靠性。 电离层遥感：我们的工作还将涉及调查全球导航卫星系统接收器在受扰电离层条件下的性能，以及将全球导航卫星系统用作研究电离层电子分布形态的遥感工具。 我们提出的所有全球导航卫星系统研究将不仅对加拿大而且对全世界的定位和导航产生重大效益。

The proposed research will involve three themes: 1) improvement of positioning and navigation using multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS); 2) improvement of inexpensive, primarily single-frequency, GNSS positioning and navigation; and 3) remote sensing of the ionosphere using GNSS techniques, using primarily data from my instrument on the Canadian CASSIOPE research satellite. Multi-System, Multi-Frequency GNSS Positioning: Although GPS was the first widely available satellite navigation system, it has now been joined by the Russian GLONASS system, the European Galileo system, and the Chinese BeiDou system-all of which have partially completed orbiting constellations of satellites, which will be become fully operational by 2020 or so. The new GNSS along with modernized GPS will offer new signal structures on multiple frequencies that will greatly benefit positioning and navigation. By using observations from all available satellites, regardless of constellation, we have the possibility of significantly improving navigation availability and continuity in restricted environments where signals from some directions might be blocked. We also have the potential for improved positioning accuracy due to more observations with more favourable geometry being available. Our precise point positioning algorithms and software already produce positions and trajectories with reasonable precision and accuracy but work needs to done to improve their capabilities and thus demonstrate how best to handle multi-system and multi-frequency data for optimum results. Improvement of Low-Cost GNSS Positioning: While positioning and navigation to about the one-to-two-metre accuracy level is currently possible with conventional single-frequency, code-based GPS measurements, higher accuracies can be achieved by additionally using carrier-phase observations and by using signals from additional constellations such as GLONASS. And for navigation, where not just the accuracy of the system is important but also its availability, continuity, and integrity, there is significant benefit from multi-constellation observations supplemented by additional sensors such as inertial measurement units. Nowhere is this more needed than for automotive applications in urban environments. We will develop novel approaches to low-cost, supplemented GNSS positioning to achieve the required accuracy and reliability of systems being demanded by the automotive positioning industry. Ionosphere Remote Sensing: Our work will also involve investigating GNSS receiver performance in disturbed ionospheric conditions as well as using GNSS as a remote-sensing tool for studying the morphology of the ionosphere's electron distribution. All of our proposed GNSS research will be of significant benefit for positioning and navigation not only in Canada but worldwide.