High Efficiency X-ray Macroscope for Imaging of Musculoskeletal Development and Aging at the Canadian Light Source Synchrotron

在加拿大光源（CLS）同步加速器上用于肌肉骨骼（MSK）发育和衰老成像的高效X射线宏观镜将是一种定制的光学仪器，可在大视场内以高分辨率（8-15 µm）优化成像质量和速度/效率。宏观将被安置在CLS的生物医学成像和治疗（BMIT）设施，在那里它将被我们不同的国家团队的所有成员和所有CLS用户访问。MSK系统的开发和老化是BMIT十多年来的主要研究重点。宏观镜是更新老化设备的关键工具，利用新技术的发展，增加实验吞吐量，提高成像速度和质量，最具创新性的是，减少体内动物成像的辐射剂量。宏观将推动MSK研究的进展，推动生物医学成像的极限，填补组织学和传统3D成像模式之间的挑战性利基，从而创造以前不可行的新的调查途径。我们团队的合作交织的研究项目集中在三个主题：先进的同步辐射成像技术，组织水平MSK成像和动态体内MSK成像。推进技术将采取的形式是一个关键的创新正在实施的查普曼光束扩展在BMIT。一个更大的光束，克服了传统的同步加速器光束的有限高度（毫米尺度），将大大提高实验吞吐量的大目标，包括骨骼和关节的研究。光束扩展，结合快速螺旋扫描正在开发的朱，将提供前所未有的，大视场同步辐射成像（厘米级）和宏观是至关重要的实现这一潜力。更大的视野将意味着改进离体组织水平成像，推进骨（库珀，Andronowski，Arnason，Willmore，Panahifar），颅面和牙齿发育（Boughner），软骨和相关工程组织结构（Eames）等的研究。BMIT设施是全球仅有的几个有能力对活体动物成像的同步加速器设施之一，宏观镜将对体内成像产生最大的影响-这从根本上受到辐射剂量的限制。宏观镜剂量效率的提高将使图像质量和多时间点实验设计更好，用于动态跟踪骨重建，以探索骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和阿片类药物诱导的骨丢失（库珀、Andronowski、Arnason、Panahifar）的基础机制以及骨软骨组织工程构建体的整合（Eames）。通过放置在CLS，国家和国际用户将有机会通过一个开放的同行审查过程中获得宏观。因此，宏观范围将维持和提高CLS的世界领先地位，使尖端研究，并提供无与伦比的培训机会。

The High Efficiency X-ray Macroscope for Imaging of Musculoskeletal (MSK) Development and Aging at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) Synchrotron will be a custom-built, optical instrument which optimizes imaging quality and speed/efficiency at high resolution (8-15 µm) across a large field of view. The macroscope will be housed at the BioMedical Imaging and Therapy (BMIT) facility of the CLS, where it will be accessible by all members of our diverse national team, and all CLS users. Development and aging of the MSK system are key research foci for BMIT spanning its operations for over a decade now. The macroscope is a critical tool that renews aging equipment, capitalizes on new technology developments, increases experimental throughput, improves imaging speed and quality and, most innovatively, reduces radiation dose for in vivo animal imaging. The macroscope will enable advances for MSK research which push the limits of biomedical imaging, filling the challenging niche between histology and conventional 3D imaging modalities and thereby creating new avenues of inquiry not previously feasible. The collaborative interwoven research programs of our team are collected within three Themes: Advancing Synchrotron Imaging Technology, Tissue-Level MSK Imaging and Dynamic in vivo MSK Imaging. Advancing Technology will take the form of a key innovation being implemented at BMIT by Chapman - beam expansion. A larger beam, overcoming the limited height (mm in scale) of conventional synchrotron beams, will greatly improve experimental throughput for the study of large targets including bones and joints. Beam expansion, combined with rapid helical scanning being developed by Zhu, will provide unprecedented, large field of view synchrotron imaging (cm in scale) and the macroscope is vital to realize this potential. Larger field of view will mean improved ex vivo Tissue-Level imaging, advancing study of bone (Cooper, Andronowski, Arnason, Willmore, Panahifar), craniofacial and dental development (Boughner), cartilage and related engineered tissue constructs (Eames), among others. The BMIT facility is one of only a handful of synchrotron facilities worldwide with the capacity to image live animals and the macroscope will have its greatest impact on in vivo imaging - which is fundamentally limited by radiation dose. The improved dose efficiency the macroscope will enable better image quality and multi-time point experimental designs for dynamic tracking of bone remodeling to probe mechanisms underpinning osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and opioid-induced bone loss (Cooper, Andronowski, Arnason, Panahifar) and the integration of osteochondral tissue engineering constructs (Eames). Through placement at the CLS, national and international users will have access to the macroscope via an open peer-review process. The macroscope will thus sustain and enhance the world leading status of the CLS, enable cutting-edge research, and confer unparalleled training opportunities.