Ultrasonic Scanner for Solid-state Battey Interface Stability Study

锂离子电池（LIB）是过去几年中最受欢迎和开发的能量存储系统之一，特别是用于便携式电子设备甚至电动汽车（EV）。然而，目前的LIB不能满足对安全性、寿命和高能量密度的日益增长的需求。固态电池（SSB）最近已成为下一代电动汽车的一种有前途的替代储能系统，因为它们能够克服传统电池中使用的易燃液体电解质所带来的安全问题。SSB预计将实现更大的体积能量密度，并在不影响安全性或功率的情况下持续更长时间。然而，SSB在实际应用中仍然存在很大的挑战。开发高性能SSB的主要挑战之一是电极（阴极和阳极）与SSE之间的界面稳定性。为了揭示界面上的化学和电化学稳定性，已经证明了各种非原位和原位表征方法。然而，目前的表征技术在表征SBB中的界面变化时存在巨大的局限性。大多数非原位表征技术是破坏性的，并且电池需要被拆卸以制备样品。此外，大多数原位表征技术，如基于拉曼和同步辐射的X射线技术，是在专门设计的电池中进行的，这不能反映电池中的真实的情况。在这项研究中，我们申请资金购买一台新开发的超声波电池扫描仪，进行现场实验，研究固态锂和钠电池的界面稳定性。它将通过探测可以反映在超声波透射扫描图像上的微量气体生成或接触损失，以图形方式揭示界面处的副反应和结构演变。这些新知识将指导高性能固态电池稳定界面的设计。

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most popular and developed energy storage systems in the past years, particularly for portable electronic devices and even electrical vehicles (EVs). However, the current LIBs cannot meet the increasing demand for safety, lifespan, and high energy density. The solid-state batteries (SSBs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative energy storage system for next-generation EVs due to their ability to overcome the safety concerns presented by the flammable liquid electrolytes, which are used in traditional batteries. The SSBs are expected to achieve greater volumetric energy density and last longer without compromising safety or power. However, there are still big challenges for SSBs towards practical applications. One of the major challenges for the development of high-performance SSBs is the interface stability between the electrodes (cathode and anode) with SSEs. To reveal the chemical and electrochemical stability on the interface, various ex-situ and in-situ characterization methods have been demonstrated. However, there are huge limitations for the current characterization techniques when characterizing the interfacial changes in the SBBs. Most of the ex-situ characterization techniques are destructive and the batteries need to be disassembled for preparing the samples. In addition, most of the in-situ characterization techniques, such as Raman and synchrotron-based X-ray techniques, are carried out in specially designed cells, which cannot reflect the real situation in the batteries. In this proposed research, we request funds to purchase a newly developed ultrasonic battery scanner to carry out the in-situ experiments to study the interface stability for solid-state Li and Na batteries. It will graphically reveal side reactions and structural evolution at the interfaces by probing the trace amount of gas generation or contact loss that can be reflected on the ultrasonic transmission scanning image. The new knowledge will guide the design of stable interfaces for high-performance solid-state batteries.